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1 Lecture 21: The Medieval State: Political Culture in the 13th Century – The Example of Capetian France ********* 1. The Boundaries of the Kingdom of France A. Capetian Kings and the Ile-de-France B. Southern France and the Cathars C. The Albigensian Crusade and Royal Expansion 2. State Power and Royal Crusades to the East A. Administering the Kingdom B. The Challenge of the Crusades 3. Louis IX and Royal Ideology A. Rex Christissimus B. Persecution of Jewish Populations C. A Sainted King Capetian Kingship and the Royal Domain Hugh Capet (seized power in 987) = founder of the Capetian line Rex Francorum = King of the Franks Ideology of Kingship -- coronation rituals and anointing new kings -- Thaumaturgical (miracle-working) kingship = power to cure illness of scrofula = “royal touch” -- Seven generations of male heirs as kings, from 987-1328 -- Anticipatory succession = eldest son crowned during father’s lifetime Philip II Augustus (r. 1180-1223) – consolidates power over Northern France 1204, take Duchy of Normandy from the English king 1214, wins the battle of Bouvines, gains much of Flanders The Cathar Church and the Albigensian Crusade South was politically fractured, dominated by the Counts of Toulouse and Barcelona = offered little or no oversight of Christian beliefs in the region Heresy = false belief under the guise of correct Christianity2 Cathars emerged in Southern France during the 1170s/1180s Cathar Church: Leaders called perfecti = “perfect ones” Espoused a dualist heresy = dichotomy between Good and Evil; body and soul; Old Testament vs. New Testament Limited rituals emphasizing prayer above all Albigensian Cruade, 1208-1229 Crusade against Christians = a political crusade Ended with the Treaty of Paris, 1229 – twofold legacy: 1) Vast Expansion of Royal Territory 2) Creation of Papal Inquisition to remove heretics and threat of heresy Louis IX (b. 1214, r. 1230-1270) State Administration under Louis IX Paris = royal capital Royal Administrative Officials (begun under Philip Augustus) -- Prevotes (provosts) = tax collectors and lesser administration -- Baillis (bailiffs) = exercise royal authority, act as judges in civil cases Parlement of Paris = high court of appeals Louis IX and his Crusades Seventh Crusade (1248-1254) – Egypt and Holy Land, ended in failure Eight Crusade (1270) – Tunis, Louis dies in North Africa Enqueteurs = royal investigators sent out to correct abuses by royal officials and to raise funds for campaigns to the east. Rex Christissimus = the most Christian King Persecution of Jewish populations – a unifying symbol of Christian kingship Louis IX becomes Saint Louis in 1297 = the Capetians give a divine charge to the medieval


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