The End the Roman Republic and the Rise of the Empire Second Triumvirate (44-31 BCE) Octavian = Caesar’s nephew and adopted heir Lepidus = commander with an army at his disposal Mark Anthony = heir to Caesar’s forces; lover of Cleopatra VII Battle of Actium (31 BCE) – Octavian defeats Mark Anthony “Restoration” of the Republic by Octavian Augustus the “Princeps” (31 BCE-14 AD) 27 BCE = Imperator Caesar Divi filius Augustus = Emperor Augustus son of the divine Caesar = PrincepsCoin Showing Augustus Helping the Fallen Res Publica to Her Feet (Rome, 12 BCE)The End the Roman Republic and the Rise of the Empire Second Triumvirate (44-31 BCE) Octavian = Caesar’s nephew and adopted heir Lepidus = commander with an army at his disposal Mark Anthony = heir to Caesar’s forces; lover of Cleopatra VII Battle of Actium (31 BCE) – Octavian defeats Mark Anthony “Restoration” of the Republic by Octavian Augustus the “Princeps” (31 BCE-14 AD) 27 BCE = Imperator Caesar Divi filius Augustus = Emperor Augustus son of the divine Caesar = PrincepsMarble Statue of Augustus from Prima Porta – one of the main gates of RomeThe Expansion of the Roman Empire, 30 BCE – AD 117“The Five Good Emperors” (96-180 A.D.) Nerva (r. 96-98). Trajan (r. 98-117). Hadrian (r. 117-138). Antonius Pius (r. 138-161). Marcus Aurelius (r. 161-180).The Expansion of the Roman Empire, 30 BCE – AD 117Roman Amphitheater in TunisiaPont du Gard – Roman Aqueduct in southern FranceThe Expansion of the Roman Empire, 30 BCE – AD 117Ruins of the Roman Forum – Market place and political center (present day)The “Olive Line” along the Mediterranean Coast – Cultural CitizenshipNatural Features and Languages of the Roman WorldThe ‘Limes’ of the Roman Empire by AD 117Aerial View of Vindolanda Archaeological Site.Bronze Coins Found in the Latrine Sewer of the Military Bath-House (Vindolanda, 2nd Century A.D.)Address on the Back of a Letter (Vindolanda, 90-120 A.D.)An Account Written in Two Columns (Vindolanda, 90-120 A.D.)Birthday Invitation from Claudia Severa to Sulpicia Lepidina (Vindolanda, 90-120
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