Animal/Dairy Science 434Ovarian DifferencesPowerPoint PresentationUterine and Cervical DifferencesDuplexBicornuateSlide 7Slide 8SimplexHuman TractSlide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14CervixSlide 16External GenitaliaSlide 18Slide 19Slide 20VaginaAvian Female AnatomyChicken TractChicken OvaryOvary with large follicles removedChicken Reproductive TractInfundibulumCloacaCloaca of ChickenHistorical Development of Reproductive PhysiologyThe Age of Gross AnatomyDevelopment of the MicroscopeWhat is the role of spermatozoa?Modern Reprod. PhysiologyApproach to ApplicationsEnhancing ReproductionCurrent TrendsLimiting ReproductionAnimal/Dairy Science 434 Lec 2: Female comparative anatomy; History of Reproductive PhysiologyKangaroo Rat HumanOvarian DifferencesCowMareSow•Inversion of the cortex and medulla. •Ovulation occurs at the Ovulation FossaCowSowCow, Sow, Ewe, Human•Cortex on outside•Ovulation can occur on any point of the ovaryMareMareBlood vesselsand connectivetissue in medullaPreovulatory TertiaryFollicleInternal CLCowSowMareUterine and Cervical DifferencesDuplexOposumRabbit, Mouse2 Cervixes2 Uterine Horns2 Vaginas1 VaginaBicornuateEweCowSow1 Vagina1 Cervix1 Uterine Body2 Uterine HornsSmaller uterine hornsLarge uterine hornsBicornuate1 Vagina1 Cervix1 Uterine Body 2 Uterine HornsLarge uterine bodySmaller uterine hornsMareBicornuate1 Vagina1 Cervix1 Uterine Body 2 Uterine HornsDogCatSmall uterine bodyLong uterine hornsSimplexWoman1 Vagina1 Cervix1 Uterine Body Large uterine bodyNo uterine hornsHuman TractHuman TractA 47-year old woman underwent a hysterectomy for excessively heavy menses. She had previously had four normal deliveries. This structure was removed, what is wrong?Cervix•Cervix is composed of thick connective tissueCOWCow has 4-5annular ringsUterine BodyVaginaExternal Cervical OsInternal Cervical Os•Mucus is secreted near the time of breeding and ovulation.NoobstaclesInterdigitatingpadsNofornix vaginaMare SowUterine BodyUterine BodyVaginaFornix VaginaLongitudinalFoldsVaginaCervixCervicalRingCervicalRingCervicalRingCervicalRingFornixFornixFornixFornixFornixFornixAnterior Vagina Anterior VaginaCOWEWEExternal OsExternal OsInternal OsInternal OsCervixSowMareCervicalFoldsCervicalFoldsIPIPFVFVExternal GenitaliaMareMareCowCowSowSowEweEweWhat is this?What is this?Human TractExternal GenitaliaVaginaAnterior VaginaPosterior Vagina (Vestibule)ColumnarEpitheliumStratifiedSquamousEpitheliumSubmucosaUrethraSubmucosaMucosaFornixFornixVulva-Vaginal Sphincter(Hymen)Vulva-Vaginal Sphincter(Hymen)CervixInfundibulumOvaryOviductUteruscloacavaginaLeft side of Reproductive Tract Develops!!Left side of Reproductive Tract Develops!!MagnumIsthmusShell GlandAvian Female Anatomyalbumenshell membranecleaving blastodiscshellRightOviductIntestinechalazaeperivitellinemembrane24 hrs50K cells24 hrs50K cellsChicken TractChicken TractOvaryMagnumShell GlandIntestineChicken OvaryHierarchalFolliclesOvary with large follicles removedRuptured follicleChicken Reproductive TractFolliclesInfundibulumMagnumIsthmusShell GlandCloacaInfundibulumCloacaVaginaVaginal openingIntestine openingCloaca of ChickenVagina openingIntestine openingHistorical Development of Reproductive PhysiologyHistorical Development of Reproductive PhysiologyAristotle 384-322 BCAristotle 384-322 BCGeneration of Animals•Fetus arises from menstrual blood•Seminal plasma initiates the conversion of menstrual blood•Semen from all parts of body•Fetus arises from menstrual blood•Seminal plasma initiates the conversion of menstrual blood•Semen from all parts of bodyThe Age of Gross AnatomyThe Age of Gross Anatomy•Fallopius (1562) –Describes the oviduct•Coiter (1573)–Describes the corpus luteum•Regnier de Graff (1672)–Describes the antral follicle (Graafian Follicle)•Fallopius (1562) –Describes the oviduct•Coiter (1573)–Describes the corpus luteum•Regnier de Graff (1672)–Describes the antral follicle (Graafian Follicle)Development of the MicroscopeDevelopment of the Microscope•van Leewenhoek (1677)–Describes spermatozoa in semen•van Leewenhoek (1677)–Describes spermatozoa in semenWhat is the role of spermatozoa?What is the role of spermatozoa?•Spallanzani (1780)–Sperm were the fertilizing agent in semen–Successful artificial insemination of a dog•Dumas (1825)–Proves sperm the fertilizing agent•Spallanzani (1780)–Sperm were the fertilizing agent in semen–Successful artificial insemination of a dog•Dumas (1825)–Proves sperm the fertilizing agentModern Reprod. PhysiologyModern Reprod. Physiology•Gonads produce steroid hormones•Regulation of estrous cycles in females•Radioimmunoassay (RIA)•Artificial Insemination•Cryopreservation•Prostaglandin used to control estrous cycles•Biotechnology•Gonads produce steroid hormones•Regulation of estrous cycles in females•Radioimmunoassay (RIA)•Artificial Insemination•Cryopreservation•Prostaglandin used to control estrous cycles•BiotechnologyApproach to ApplicationsApproach to Applications•Develop basic knowledge of how system works•Investigate methods that can perturb the system•Manipulate the system to improve reproduction–Estrus Synchronization•Develop basic knowledge of how system works•Investigate methods that can perturb the system•Manipulate the system to improve reproduction–Estrus SynchronizationEnhancing ReproductionEnhancing Reproduction•Small improvements have profound effects on production–3% improvement in birth rate results in an additional:•1 million beef calves/year•3.2 million pigs/year•3.7 million gallons of milk/year•Small improvements have profound effects on production–3% improvement in birth rate results in an additional:•1 million beef calves/year•3.2 million pigs/year•3.7 million gallons of milk/yearCurrent TrendsCurrent TrendsProductionProductionReproductionReproductionMetabolicandPhysiologicChanges•Continuing need to:–improve reproductive performance–understand how to apply new technology•Ovsynch•ClonningLimiting ReproductionLimiting
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