Lecture 20 Pregnancy and Fetal DevelopmentPlacental FunctionsSlide 3Similarities in Early DevelopmentDevelopmental FeaturesFetal Development in the HumanPowerPoint PresentationSlide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Uterine Size Changes During PregnancySlide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26Lecture 20Pregnancy and Fetal DevelopmentJohn J. ParrishPlacental FunctionsPlacentaChemical Protection Physical ProtectionEndocrineExchangePlacental FunctionsPlacentaChemical Protection Physical ProtectionEndocrineExchange•Gas•Nutrients•Waste products•Immunosupression•Prevents infiltration by maternal defenses•Filters toxins•Shock Absorber•Transient•Estrogen•Progesterone•HCG•eCG•PLSimilarities in Early DevelopmentMAN PIG BIRDDevelopmental Horizons Mare Cow Ewe Sow WomanGerm layers 13-14 14 10-14 7-8 10-14Open neural tube 20 15-21 13Fusion of chorioamniontic folds 18 17 16Heart beat apparent 24 21-22 20 16 25Limb buds visible 24 25 28-35 17-18 28Cotelydons first appear 30Eye differentiation 40 30-45 42-49 21-28Birth 340 280 147-155 112 266Developmental FeaturesCritical Organ Systems Develop Early!Critical Organ Systems Develop Early!Fetal Development in the Human0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40OvulationOvulationLength (cm)Length (cm)01020304050Age of Fetus (weeks since last menstruation)1230Weight (kg)Weight (kg)ParturitionParturitionCrownRumpEstimates of Age•Crown rump length•Length femur, radius or tibia•Circumference of headFactors Influencing Fetal GrowthFactors Influencing Fetal GrowthGeneticsSpeciesBreedLitter sizeGenotypeGeneticsSpeciesBreedLitter sizeGenotypeFetal HormonesThyroidInsulinGrowth hormoneFetal HormonesThyroidInsulinGrowth hormone Environment Mother Nutrition Size, Parity Placenta Blood flow Size Environment Mother Nutrition Size, Parity Placenta Blood flow SizeFactors Influencing Fetal GrowthFactors Influencing Fetal GrowthGeneticsSpeciesBreedLitter sizeGenotypeGeneticsSpeciesBreedLitter sizeGenotypeFactors Influencing Fetal GrowthFactors Influencing Fetal GrowthGeneticsSpeciesBreedLitter sizeGenotypeGeneticsSpeciesBreedLitter sizeGenotypeGeneticsSpeciesBreedLitter sizeGenotypeGeneticsSpeciesBreedLitter sizeGenotypeFactors Influencing Fetal GrowthFactors Influencing Fetal GrowthGeneticsSpeciesBreedLitter sizeGenotypeGeneticsSpeciesBreedLitter sizeGenotypeFactors Influencing Fetal GrowthFactors Influencing Fetal GrowthCertains lines of animals may grow faster.Factors Influencing Fetal GrowthFactors Influencing Fetal Growth Environment Mother Nutrition Size, Parity Placenta Blood flow Size Environment Mother Nutrition Size, Parity Placenta Blood flow SizeFactors Influencing Fetal GrowthFactors Influencing Fetal Growth Environment Mother Nutrition Size, Parity Placenta Blood flow Size Environment Mother Nutrition Size, Parity Placenta Blood flow SizeFactors Influencing Fetal GrowthFactors Influencing Fetal GrowthFetal HormonesThyroidInsulinGrowth hormoneFetal HormonesThyroidInsulinGrowth hormoneSkeletal and muscular developmentSkeletal and muscular developmentIncreased energy substrate availability and stimulates placental growth Increased energy substrate availability and stimulates placental growth Stimulates fetal growthStimulates fetal growthUterine Size Changes During PregnancyHyperplasia»Increase in # of cellsHypertrophy»Increase in size of cellsStretchingPlacentaLiverLeft Atrium Lungs Right AtriumForamenOvaleForamenOvaleDuctusVenosusDuctusVenosusDuctusArteriosusDuctusArteriosusAortaUmbilical ArteriesUmbilical VeinPortal VeinPortal VeinVena CavaVena CavaHeadand HeartTissuesRelative P4 and E2Weeks of GestationOvulationRelative P4 and E2Relative P4 and E2Weeks of GestationOvulationRelative P4 and E2Weeks of GestationOvulationProgesterone is Essential To Maintain PregnancyCorpus Luteum PlacentaSow 3.8 mo 3.8 mo Cow 9 mo 6 - 8 moEwe 5 mo 50 dMare 11 mo 5 moHuman 9 mo 50 dSpecies Gestation PlacentalLength
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