1Reproduction in the Canine andFelineAnimal Sciences 434John J. ParrishThe Bitch• Puberty - 6 mo.• Monoestrus» One estrus during breeding season• Estrous Cycle» Proestrus» Estrus» Metestrus or Diestrus» AnestrusHeatEstrous Cycle (Non-Pregnant)• Proestrus (9 days)» Vulva swollen» Bloody discharge» Attracted to male but does not mate• Estrus (9 days, ovulation day 2)» Accepts male» Straw-colored discharge• Metestrus or Diestrus (90 days)» False pregnancy• Anestrus (5 months)» Sexual inactivityHormonal Changes-10 010-20ProestrusEstrusAnestrusFSHE2LHProgesteroneDays from LH PeakOvulation210 30 50Day of Metestrus70 90ProgesteroneE2No UterineLuteolyticMechanismProlactinEstrus20 dayMetestrus IMetestrus II 70 days0DiestrusEstrous Cycle - Pregnant• Proestrus (9 days)» Vulva swollen» Bloody discharge» Attracted to male but does not mate• Estrus (9 days, ovulation day 2)» Accepts male» Straw-colored discharge• Pregnant Metestrus/Diestrus (50 - 60 days)» Pregnancy» Parturition (63 days from ovulation)• Anestrus (5 months)» Sexual inactivity2Mating• Occurs during estrus• Length of courtship by male is variable» Licks vulva» Bitch stands with tail to one side• Mounting» Male mounts without erection and penetrates– Os penis» In vagina, male bulbus glandis engorges, thrusting» Male dismounts and turns around but penis remainsin vagina “the tie”» Ejaculation» Tie last 5 min to 1 hourCanine MatingCanine Mating cont.Mating (cont.)• Mate 2 times» Days 11 and 13 after start of proestrus– Sperm lasts up to 7 days in female• Infertility» Often from mating not at appropriate time• Hormonal detection of ovulation» LH increase associated with progesterone >0.5ng/ml» Ovulation progesterone 2-5 ng/mlPregnancy• 63 days (58-68)» Range due to dating from breeding not fertilization• Hormonal Changes» Similar to not mated» Progesterone maintained higher» CL required to maintain pregnancy– No placental progesterone» Placental relaxin» Drop in progesterone triggers parturition• Detection» Adominal palpation at 3 - 4 weeks» Ultrasound after day 16• Parturition» Hormones similar to other farm animalsParturition• Delayed Parturtion» Primary inertia– Does not show signs of parturition– Does not progress from stage 1 - stage 2– If green fluid, Caesarian– Give oxytocin in several small doses» Secondary inertia– Uterine exhaustion– Oxytocin3Estrus Control• Induction» eCG• Prevention» progestinsDisorders of the Bitch• Cystic endometrial hyperpalsia (pyometra)» Uterus fills with fluid– Progesterone increases first– Contamination of uterus by vaginal bacteria– Toxemia results from absorption of fluid and endotoxins» Thirst,vomiting, inappetence, shock, death» 4-6 weeks after estrus» Bitches >9 years that have not had a previouspregnancy» Can be open or closed» hysterectomyDisorders of the Bitch• False pregnancy» Normal to some extent» 60 days after estrus» May lactate, gain weight, nesting behavior• Mammary tummors» Thought may be related to similarity to pregnancyand non-pregnancyDog AnatomyBulbus GlandisDisorders of the Male Dog• Hypersexuality» Castrate» Progesterone• Cryptorchidism» Normal descent at days 7-10 after birth» Should be removed if retained for >1 yr.Artificial Insemination• Bitch does not accept the male• Shipment of semen• Minimize the number of breedings4Updated:Insemination of the Bitch• Bitches ovulate around day 10 after they enterproestrus (discharge) or about 1 - 2 days of estrus.» Ovulation can be detected by:– LH assay (peak LH value + one day)– Progesterone assay (>5 ng/ml)– Cytology of vaginal smear (>50% cornified cells)• Remember oocytes in the canine are ovulated as 1°oocytes and must mature in the oviduct to a 2° oocytebefore fertilization.• Fresh or cooled semen, inseminate 2 days afterovulation detected and again 48 - 72 hr latter.• Frozen semen, inseminate on day 5 - 7 after ovulation• Uterine insemination better than cervicalUpdated:Artificial insemination in the BitchFeline Reproduction• Domestication?• Female-Queen• Male - Tom• Puberty– 6 - 9 months• Estrous Cycle» Seasonal– January to September– House cats may cycle year roundEstrous Cycle• Pro-estrus» 1 - 2 days» Attracted to males» Rubs head and neck on objects» Vocalization, posturing and rolling• Estrus» Accepts male» 4 - 6 days if male present, 10 days if no male» Ovulation 27 hours after mating (induced)» Affectionate to aggressive towards ownersEstrous Cycle• Proestrus if queen did not ovulate» 8 - 10 days• Diestrus after ovulation» psuedopregnancy - 40 days» pregnancy - 60 days• Anestrus 3 - 4 monthsEstrous Cycles OptionsProestrus, 0 - 2 d+Estrus, 2-19 dDiestrusPseudopregnant, ~40 dDiestrus,Pregnant~60 dProestrus,8-10 dAnestrus,~30-90 d5Hormonal Changes in the Queen4 8 12 16P4E2WeeksEstrus4 8 12 16 20P4E2(9 days)Queen in Estrus(no mating)Hormonal Changes in the Queen4 8 12 16P4E2ProestrusProestrusEstrus4 8 12 16 20P4E2WeeksQueen in Estrus(no mating)(8 days)Hormonal Changes in the Queen4 8 12 16P4E2ProestrusProestrusEstrus4 8 12 16 20P4E2PregnancyParturitionLactationWeeksQueen in Estrus(no mating)MatingMatingHormonal Changes• Proestrus» Estrogen increases due to follicular development• Estrus» Estrogen high until ovulation» Ovulation 27 hr after mating (vaginal stimulation)• Diestrus» No Cl if mating does not occur, so no diestrus» Cl produces progesterone (63 days, peak day 20)» If pregnancy does not occur or fails, CL life only1/2 that seen in pregnancy.Mating• Queens call or vocalize (low moaning sound)» Owners may think a sign of illness• During mating» Tom bites neck female» With erection penis faces forwardErection andMating6Mating• Queens call or vocalize (low moaning sound)» Owners may think a sign of illness• During mating» Tom bites neck female» With erection penis faces forward» Only lasts 30 seconds to 5 minutes» As male dismounts female gives a loud copulatorycall and Tom retreats» Mating occurs 6 - 7 times until queen declines» May occur for up to 4 daysCat MatingPregnancy• 63 days• Diagnonsis» Adominal palpation day 17 -25Parturition• Similar to other species in events andhormonal control• Dystocia rare - caesarian• Uterine inertia - oxytocinControl of Estrus• Ovariohysterectomy• Induction of Ovulation» HCG» Vaginal Stimulation• Prevention of estrus»
View Full Document
Unlocking...