Animal Science 434Tonic and Preovulatory Surge of GnRHPowerPoint PresentationSlide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Follicular ProgressionGrowth and Atresia of FolliclesSlide 11Slide 12Initial Follicular GrowthFollicular Waves in CattleSlide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Two Follicular WavesFollicular Wave EmergenceSpecies Variation in Follicular WavesGonadotropin Action Within the FollicleAntral FollicleSlide 26Slide 27OvulationSlide 29Slide 30Slide 31Cumulus ExpansionSlide 33Slide 34Slide 35Slide 36Slide 37Types of OvulatorsSlide 39Slide 40Induced OvulatorsSlide 42Slide 43CatsSpontaneous OvulatorsSlide 46Primordial Follicles in Fetal Pig OvaryOogoniaPrimary Oocytes in Primordial FolliclesOogonia and Primary OocytesPrimary Oocyte in Primary FollicleFetal Oocyte DevelopmentOvulation of Tertiary FollicleFormation of the Zona PellucidaSlide 55Slide 56Slide 57Slide 58Slide 59Slide 60Animal Science 434Lecture 10: The Follicular Phase of the Estrous CycleTonic and Preovulatory Surge of GnRHHypothalamusHypothalamusGnRHAnteriorPituitaryAnteriorPituitaryCL FollicleOvaryLH, FSHLHLH, FSHInhibin (-)EstradiolEstradiolProgesteroneProgesteroneEstradiol(-)(-)Tonic and Preovulatory Surge of GnRHAtresiaCLCAOvulationCLDays Relative to the Gonadotropin Surge012345678-1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6-7LHFSHPGF2αEstradiolProgesteroneMetestrusDiestrusProestrusDiestrusEstrusFollicular PhaseHypothalamusHypothalamusGnRHAnteriorPituitaryAnteriorPituitaryFollicleOvaryLH, FSHLH, FSHInhibin (-)EstradiolEstradiolEstradiol(-)LHProgesteroneProgesterone(-)CLEstradiolEstradiol(+)HypothalamusHypothalamusGnRHAnteriorPituitaryAnteriorPituitaryFollicleOvaryLH, FSHLH, FSHInhibin (-)EstradiolAtresiaCLCAOvulationCLDays Relative to the Gonadotropin Surge012345678-1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6-7LHFSHPGF2αEstradiolProgesteroneMetestrusDiestrusProestrusDiestrusEstrusFollicular PhaseFollicular ProgressionPrimordialPrimarySecondaryTertiaryGrowth and Atresia of FolliclesAtresiaFate of follicles and oocytes. Total # of follicles At birth 100,000 12 months 75,000 4-6 years 21,000 Aged cow 2,500 Follicles grow to tertiary characteristic and degenerate. Maximum number of oocytes ovulated for a cow 17 cycles/year x 8 year = 136 oocytes ovulated/lifespanFate of follicles and oocytes. Total # of follicles At birth 100,000 12 months 75,000 4-6 years 21,000 Aged cow 2,500 Follicles grow to tertiary characteristic and degenerate. Maximum number of oocytes ovulated for a cow 17 cycles/year x 8 year = 136 oocytes ovulated/lifespan100 Days of Gestation 2.9 million100 Days of Gestation 2.9 millionCan increase with superovulation with FSH to stimulatethe rescue of follicles which would have undergone atresiaCan increase with superovulation with FSH to stimulatethe rescue of follicles which would have undergone atresiaGonadotropinIndependentFSHRecruitmentRecruitmentInitial Follicular GrowthSmall AntralFollicle50 - 60 daysFollicular Waves in CattleFollicular Waves in CattleOvulationOvulationOvulationFollicular SizeDay After Ovulation9 16 21FSH Sensitive PoolRecruitmentRecruitmentSelectionSelectionDominanceDominanceAtresiaFollicular Waves in CattleFollicular Waves in CattleOvulationOvulationOvulationFollicular SizeDay After Ovulation9 16 21FSH Sensitive PoolRecruitmentRecruitmentSelectionSelectionDominanceDominanceAtresiaProgesteroneFollicular Waves in CattleFollicular Waves in CattleOvulationFollicular SizeDay After Ovulation9 16 21RecruitmentRecruitmentFSH estradiol (-)SelectionSelectionFSH estradiol (-) inhibin (-)DominanceDominanceFSH estradiol (-) inhibin (-)AtresiaestradiolinhibinProgesteroneFollicular Waves in CattleFollicular Waves in CattleOvulationFollicular SizeDay After Ovulation9 16 21RecruitmentRecruitmentSelectionSelectionDominanceDominanceAtresiaProgesteroneFollicular Waves in CattleFollicular Waves in CattleOvulationFollicular SizeDay After Ovulation9 16 21ProgesteroneFollicular Waves in CattleFollicular Waves in CattleOvulationFollicular SizeDay After Ovulation9 16 21ProgesteroneFollicular Waves in CattleFollicular Waves in CattleOvulationFollicular SizeDay After Ovulation9 16 21ProgesteroneDominanceDominanceRecruitmentRecruitmentSelectionSelectionOvulationOvulationTwo Follicular WavesTwo Follicular Waves10Ovulation 21Follicular SizeRecruitmentRecruitmentSelectionSelectionDominanceDominanceAtresiaOvulationOvulationDay After OvulationProgesteroneFollicular Wave Emergence•FSH always controls emergence•Increase in FSH precedes emergenceSpecies Variation in Follicular Waves•Cattle - 2 or 3 / cycle•Sheep - 4 or 5 / cycle•Pigs - 1 / cycle•Horses - 1 / cycle•Human - 1 / cycleCl-progesteroneCl-progesterone, inhibinGonadotropin Action Withinthe FollicleAntral FollicleGranulosaTheca InternalTheca InternaTheca InternaGranulosaGranulosaBloodReceptorLHcAMPCholesterolTestosteronePKAReceptorFSHTestosteronecAMPEstradiolPKATheca InternaTheca InternaGranulosaGranulosaBloodReceptorLHcAMPCholesterolTestosteronePKAReceptorFSHTestosteronecAMPReceptorLHSelectionDominant FollicleExpress LH ReceptorcAMPEstradiolPKAOvulationTunica AlbugineaGerminal EpitheliumTheca ExternaTheca InternaGranulosaBasement Membrane•protein synthesis•steroid synthesis•prostaglandin synthesis•plasminogen activator synthesisBlocking of these events in the follicle prevents ovulation.Preovulatory LH SurgeOvulationCumulusExpansionOocyteSeparatesFromFollicularWallCumulus ExpansionCumulus ExpansionUnexpandedUnexpandedExpandedExpandedHyaluronic Acid and Protein ProductionCumulus and OocyteSeparationPreovulatory LH SurgeOvulationCumulusExpansionCumulusExpansionOocyteSeparatesFromFollicularWallOocyteSeparatesFromFollicularWallProtein Synthesisin and around FollicleProtein Synthesisin and around FolliclePlasminogenActivatorPlasminogenActivatorProgesteroneProgesteroneProstaglandin SynthesisPGE and PGFProstaglandin SynthesisPGE and PGFPreovulatory LH SurgeOvulationIncreased BloodFlow to Ovary and FollicleIncreased BloodFlow to Ovary and FollicleVascular PermeabilityVascular PermeabilityPlasminogenPlasminogenCumulusExpansionCumulusExpansionOocyteSeparatesFromFollicularWallOocyteSeparatesFromFollicularWallProtein Synthesisin and around FollicleProtein Synthesisin and around FolliclePlasminogenActivatorPlasminogenActivatorProgesteroneProgesteroneProstaglandin SynthesisPGE and PGFProstaglandin SynthesisPGE and PGFPreovulatory
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