Artificial InseminationPowerPoint PresentationObjectives of Artificial InseminationCurrent Status of US IndustryAdvantages of AIAdvantages of AI (cont.)Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10CrossbreedingSlide 12DisadvantagesInsemination of the FemaleSlide 15Follicle Size DeterminationSlide 17Insemination of the CowSlide 19Artificial Insemination in the SowFactors Effecting Conception RateUse and Success of AIUpdated:01/17/19 Artificial InseminationJohn ParrishUpdated:01/17/19 Two cows standing next to each other in a field. Daisy says to Dolly, "I was artificially inseminated this morning." "I don't believe you," said Dolly. "It's true, no bull!" exclaimed Daisy.Updated:01/17/19 Objectives of Artificial Insemination•Genetic improvement of livestock•Disease control mechanism•Possible to increase fertility•Decrease breeding expenseUpdated:01/17/19 Current Status of US Industry•Dairy Cattle»7 million (50%) - in Denmark, Japan, 90-100%•Beef Cattle »1.3 million (3%)•Swine»80 - 90 %•Turkey»100%•Horses»Increasing rapidlyUpdated:01/17/19 Advantages of AI•Genetic Improvement»Wide spread use and availability of genetically superior sires»1 bull can breed 500,000 cows in a lifetime»After death, semen can be used•Oldest frozen semen 40 - 45 years old•Rapid proof of sire»Progeny testing examines offspring for desired traits»With natural mating would only have 100’s of offspringUpdated:01/17/19 Advantages of AI (cont.)•Availability of sires»Sires anywhere in worldUpdated:01/17/19Updated:01/17/19Updated:01/17/19Updated:01/17/19 Advantages of AI (cont.)•Availability of sires»Sires anywhere in world•Danger of bull (male) removed•Disease reduction•Crossbreeding»Can try without buying sire»Designer animalsUpdated:01/17/19 CrossbreedingUpdated:01/17/19 Advantages of AI (cont.)•Economics»Cost of sire genetics reduced•Many doses/ejaculate»Sire maintenance costreduced •Fewer sires requiredUpdated:01/17/19 Disadvantages•Estrus detection must be good•Trained inseminator•Bull semen the best, other species not as good•Use of poor male may increase if not tested well•Technology to store cooled or frozen semen»Difficult to maintainUpdated:01/17/19 Insemination of the Female•Detection of estrus»No need to review this material•Time of insemination»Cattle (2X daily heat detection)•12 hours after observed in standing heat (AM - PM rule)•Inseminate on the day of estrus•Ovsynch - timed AI»Swine (2X daily heat detection)•Sow - 24 and 36 hours after first seen in estrus•Gilt - 12 and 24 hours after first seen in estrusUpdated:01/17/19 Insemination of the Female»Sheep•12 to 18 hours after first seen in estrus»Horses•Every second day beginning on day 3 of heat•Breed when reach 40 - 45 mm follicle•Breed 24 hours after HCG injection–HCG given when a >35 mm follicle is present–Ovulation is 36 to 40 hours after HCGUpdated:01/17/19 Follicle Size DeterminationUpdated:01/17/19 Insemination of the Female•Insemination protocol»Rectal-vaginal»VaginalUpdated:01/17/19 Insemination of the CowRectal-Vaginal ApproachUpdated:01/17/19 Artificial Insemination in the MareVaginalUpdated:01/17/19 Artificial Insemination in the SowUpdated:01/17/19 Factors Effecting Conception Rate•Time of insemination»If after ovulation then get aging of oocytes•# of sperm inseminated•Fertility of males•Skill of inseminatorUpdated:01/17/19 Use and Success of AISpecies Liquid Frozen Preg. Rate Major ProblemsDairy Cattle OK OK60-70OK, need good heat(Heifer/Dry) detection(Lact. Cow) 30-40Do not show heatBeef Cattle OK OK55-65Range area large:poor heat detectionSheep OK Fair50-65Large range; low value of eweSwine OK Fair40-85Estrus detectionHorses OK Fair30-60Timing insemination,breed restrictionsTurkey OK Poor 90 NoneHumans OK Fair5-30Donors; infertility;
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