Animal Science 434PowerPoint PresentationSlide 3Slide 4Slide 5Luteal TissueSlide 7Slide 8Functional Capability of CLSlide 10Slide 11Slide 12LuteolysisSlide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Relationship of Oxytocin and PGF2aSlide 24Slide 25Slide 26Menstrual CycleSlide 28Luteolysis in the PrimateManipulating OvulationPrinciple of PGF2a UseInduction of Ovulation with PGF2aSlide 33Slide 34Slide 35OvsynchSlide 37Slide 38Slide 39Slide 40Slide 41Slide 42Use of ProgestogensProgestens Effect on OvulationSlide 45Stimulating Follicular DevelopmentAnimal Science 434Animal Science 434Lecture 11: The Luteal Phase of the Estrous and Menstrual CycleLecture 11: The Luteal Phase of the Estrous and Menstrual Cycle024681012140 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22Day of the Estrous CycleRelative Progesterone Level (Blood)LuteolysisP4Production(Diestrus)P4Production(Diestrus)CLFormation(Metestrus)Relative Progesterone Levels (Blood)Follicular PhaseLuteal PhaseOvulation Ovulation•steroid synthesis–progesterone•collagenase–theca interna•present 1-3 days following ovulation• blood vessels in follicle wall rupture •walls collapse•cells intermix•old basement membrane becomes connective tissue of CL•increases in size–papilla forms•composed of cells from the granulosa and theca interna•progesterone production increases•a small cavity may be present where the folliclular antrum was presentLuteal TissueLuteal Tissue•Large cells from granulosa•Small cells from the theca interna•Large cells from granulosa•Small cells from the theca internaMitochondriaSecretoryGranules- Oxytocin- RelaxinFunctional Capability of CLFunctional Capability of CL•the number of luteal cells–large cells undergo hypertrophy (3 fold)–small cells undergo hyperplasia (5 fold)•vascularization of CL–Initiated by angiogenic factors from follicle–Vascularity effects CL steroid synthesis and delivery of hormones•Insufficient CL function–Failure to maintain pregnancy–Important in domestic animals•the number of luteal cells–large cells undergo hypertrophy (3 fold)–small cells undergo hyperplasia (5 fold)•vascularization of CL–Initiated by angiogenic factors from follicle–Vascularity effects CL steroid synthesis and delivery of hormones•Insufficient CL function–Failure to maintain pregnancy–Important in domestic animalsProgesterone TargetsAveolar DevelopmentBlocks EstrusNegative FeedbackMolecular Mechanism of LH on Luteal CellReceptorPKANucleusDNAHistones Protein Synthesis(Enzymes)mRNAPlasma Membrane(cAMP second messenger)(cAMP second messenger)CholesterolGAdenylate CyclaseCRcAMPLHATPcAMP(+ PO4)R-ERProtein SynthesisMitochondriaCholesterolPregnenoloneS-ERSteroid SynthesisProgesteroneMolecular Mechanism of LH on Luteal CellReceptorPKA Protein Synthesis(Enzymes)Plasma Membrane(cAMP second messenger)(cAMP second messenger)CholesterolGAdenylate CyclaseCRcAMPLHATPcAMP(+ PO4)R-ERProtein SynthesisMitochondriaCholesterolPregnenoloneS-ERSteroid SynthesisProgesteroneCholCholLDLLDLCholCholLDLLDLChol-EsterChol-EsterLDLLDLChol EsteraseLuteolysisLuteolysis•Uterus•PGF2•Oxytocin•Uterus•PGF2•OxytocinLuteolysis in Cows, Ewes, SowsTotalHysterectomyIpsilateralHysterectomyContralateralHysterectomyNormalUterusCLCL Normal LifespanCL Normal LifespanCL Normal LifespanCL Normal LifespanCL LifespanLongerCL LifespanLongerCL LifespanLongerCL LifespanLongerSimilar to Gestation Length>35 daysLuteolysisLuteolysis•Uterus•PGF2•Oxytocin•Uterus•PGF2•OxytocinProstaglandin F2Control of LuteolysisProgesterone fromCL stimulatesproduction of uterine PGF2afterday 15 in cowUterine HornUterineVeinProstaglandin synthesisby uterine endometriumis released into the uterine vein.OviductOvaryCorpusLuteumPGF2 is picked up by ovarian artery through counter current exchangeand delivered back to theovary where it causeslysis of the CLUterine ArteryUterine ArteryOvarian PediclePGFPGF into ArteryLuteolysis MareTotalHysterectomyIpsilateralHysterectomyContralateralHysterectomyNormalUterusCLCL NormalLifespanCL NormalLifespan50% of CL’s Maintained50% of CL’s MaintainedCL MaintainedCL Maintained50% of CL’s Maintained50% of CL’s MaintainedBlood Supply to Uterus and Ovary in the MarePGF Not Effective (Cow, Ewe, Mare)PGF Not Effective (Cow, Ewe, Mare)PGF Not Effective (Sow)PGF Not Effective (Sow)LuteolysisLuteolysis•Uterus•PGF2•Oxytocin•Uterus•PGF2•OxytocinRelationship of Oxytocin and PGF2UterusOvaryCLPGF2Anterior PituitaryPosterior PituitaryOxytocinLuteolysisLuteolysis•decreased blood flow•cellular response–apoptosis–progesterone synthesis•Immune response–Lymphocytes–Macrophages•decreased blood flow•cellular response–apoptosis–progesterone synthesis•Immune response–Lymphocytes–MacrophagesMolecular Mechanism of PGF (Ca2+ Second Messenger)Molecular Mechanism of PGF (Ca2+ Second Messenger)PLCPIP2 Endoplasmic ReticulumCa2+Protein Kinase CPlasma MembranePGFReceptorG-proteinG-proteinDAGIP3RCa2+PlasmaMembraneCa2+RPIP2 CholesterolCholesterolProgesteroneProgesteroneApoptosisLuteolysisLuteolysis•decreased blood flow•cellular response–apoptosis–progesterone synthesis•Immune response–Lymphocytes–Macrophages•decreased blood flow•cellular response–apoptosis–progesterone synthesis•Immune response–Lymphocytes–MacrophagesMenstrual CycleMenstrual CycleFSHLHLHEstradiolEstradiolProgesteroneProgesteroneFollicleOvulationCorpus LuteumCorpusAlbicans2 4 6 8 10 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 212Anterior Pituitary HormonesOvarian HormonesOvaryUterineEndo-metriumRecruitmentSelectionDominanceRecruitmentLuteolysis in the Primate•Does not require the uterus•CL lifespan in the human is 12-14 days unless pregnancy occurs–In the absence of pregnancy, CL self destructs–Possible intra-ovarian oxytocin receptors and PGF2 production•Menstruation–Drop in P4 and E2–Endometrial PGF2, vasoconstriction, necrosis–Endometrial inflammation and tissue degenerationManipulating Ovulation•Hormonal induction of ovulation–PGF2–GnRH–Progestins•Superovulation–FSH–eCGPrinciple of PGF2 UsePrinciple of PGF2 Use•Regress active corpus luteum–Only effective on a day 5 - 17 CL–Not effective on days:1 - 4 (CL not responsive)18 - 21 (CL already regressed)Induction of Ovulation with PGF2Induction of Ovulation with PGF2OvulationFollicular SizeDay After Ovulation9 16
View Full Document
Unlocking...