BMS 300 1st edition Lecture 34Outline of Last Lecture I. Adrenergic receptors contractility and the vasculature -B1 receptors and contractility 1. phosphorylation >ca2+ channels >ca2+ pumps II. The vasculature -the tubes into which the ventricles pump blood -closed system of arteries, arterioles, capillaries and veins -resistance to flow- friction along the walls III. Some equations -ΔP=Rxt -circumference=2π r-area=A=π r2-flow: ΔPπrt / 8 hLIV. Pressure drop -arterioles V. Role of arterioles in both muscle and alpha 1 receptors Outline of Current Lecture These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. Grade Buddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.VI. Smooth muscle effects in anterioles-alpha receptors—no epinephrine/epinephrine-contraction -effect on RVII. Components of blood -plasma 1. protein solution -buffy coat 1. cells of immunity (proper cells)2. platelets (self-fragments) blood clotting -hematocrit -concept of reformed element VIII. Blood as connective tissue -hematopoietic stem cells 1. mesularyocytes 2. cells of immunity >monocytes >granulocytes >lymphocytes IX. Erythrocytes -structure and function 1. hemoglobinCurrent Lecture-endothelium: single layer of cells >follows the rules >has a basilar side with a basal lamina -the contraction of smooth muscle will shrink the diameter of the tube -the beta is the no epinephrine and epinephrine and will cause vascular smooth muscle contraction -when you’re “as white as a sheet” it’s because of the contraction and the blood is “shunted” to other places -the relationship of the system to regulate the blood flow -all blood flow is dependent on the resistance through the tubes Composition of blood-connective tissue (blood) originated embryo logically as mesenchyme>hematopoietic stem cells -are located in the red bone marrow (spongy bone of the flat epiphyses) -all cells of the blood -“cellular” components of blood 1. cells of the immune system >include monocytes, macrophages, granucytes, and lymphocytes 2. platelets >cell fragments that contain clotting factors -erythrocytes: formed elements Fractioning blood -by spinning in a centrifuge -the less dense it is the farther to the top it goes -it breaks into 3 different fractions -the top is the plasma: a protein solution which is made up of 90% water, 8% protein, 2%other -in the middle there is a small layer called the buffy coat: which is made up of cells of theimmune system which are leukocytes it is less than 1% of the blood -the bottom and most dense layer is hematocrit: it is made up of erythrocytes which is 250 million molecules of hemoglobin and each one has 4 atoms of iron (red blood cells) it is not a cell it’s a “formed element” Platelets: are for blood clotting -requires a series of proteins-highly regulated>if it goes off track it generates embolism >DIC: “death is coming” dissemithated intravascular coagulation Lineage of the erythrocyte-hematopoietic stem cell: can become any components of blood >proerythrocytes-normoblast: packed in all hemoglobin -ejection of the nucleus: loss of mitochondria, loss of protein synthesis -reticulocyte: (looks like a erythrocyte) >leave the red marrow and enters the blood vascular compartment -there are remnants of the endoplasmic reticulum that can be used as a “marker” which is an estimate of reticycote
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