Exam II FIB Practice QuestionsAction potentialsWhen glutamate binds to a(n) ______________ ______________ channel on the ______________ region, a(n) ______________ ion will enter the neuron and cause a(n) ______________. If ______________ is reached at the ______________ ______________, an action potential will occur. A particular strong stimulus will cause a higher ______________ of action potentials that will lead to more______________ being released at the ______________ ______________ . V-Snare/T-Snare Complex______________ ion influx at the axon terminal causes ______________ ______________ ______________ channels to open. ______________ ions enter the neuron and bind to ______________ on the ______________. ______________ , ______________ , and ______________ will intertwine their ______________ ______________ proteins bringing the ______________ closer tothe membrane. The ______________ will be released into the ______________ ______________ wherethey can bind the ______________ ______________ channels on the ______________ cell. Patellar ReflexThe patellar tendon is tapped. A(n) ______________ ______________ in the quadriceps muscle opens causing an action potential in the ______________ ______________ ______________ which has its cell body in a(n) ______________ outside the CNS. The ______________ ______________ ______________synapses in the ______________ ______________ of the spinal cord and release ______________ both a(n) ______________ ______________ ______________ and a(n) ______________. The ______________ ______________ ______________ releases ______________ on the quadriceps muscle to cause it to contract, while the ______________ releases ______________ to ______________the hamstring muscle.Spinothalamic TractThe spinothalamic tract (STT) is a(n) ______________ pathway for ______________, ______________, ______________. From the sensory receptor, the ______________ ______________ ______________ synapses on the cell body of the ______________ ______________ neuron in the ______________ ______________ of the spinal cord. The ______________ ______________ neuron then crosses ______________ and travels ______________ the spinal cord in the ______________ ______________ and synapses on the ______________ ______________ neuron in the ______________ ______________ nucleus. The ______________ ______________ neuron passes through the ______________ ______________ and synapses on the ______________ gyrus (AKA the ______________ ______________ cortex) of the cerebral cortex.PCMLThe posterior column medial lemniscus (PCML or DCML) is a(n) ______________ pathway for ______________ and ______________ ______________. From the sensory receptor in the periphery, the ______________ ______________ afferent enters the ______________ ______________ and travels ______________ the spinal cord in the ______________ ______________ before synapsing on the cell body of the ______________ ______________ neuron in the ______________ ______________nucleus. The ______________ ______________ neuron crosses ______________ and synapses on the ______________ ______________ neuron in the ______________ ______________ nucleus. The ______________ ______________ neuron passes through the ______________ ______________ and synapses on the ______________ gyrus (aka the ______________ ______________ cortex) of the cerebral cortex. Lateral Corticospinal TractThe lateral corticospinal tract (LCST) is a(n) ______________ pathway, The ______________ ______________ neuron has a cell body in the ______________ gyrus (aka the ______________ ______________ cortex) of the cerebral cortex. It passes through the ______________ ______________and crosses ______________ at the ______________ located in the ______________ before synapsing on the cell body of the ______________ ______________ neuron in the ______________ horn of the spinal cord. The ______________ ______________ neuron travels out the ______________ root and through a ______________ nerve to the target ______________. This synapse is called the ______________ ______________.Exam II FIB Practice AnswersAction potentialsWhen glutamate binds to a(n) ligand gated channel on the input region, a(n) sodium ion will enter the neuron and cause a(n) EPSP. If threshold is reached at the trigger zone, an action potential will occur. A particular strong stimulus will cause a higher frequency of action potentials that will lead to more neurotransmitter being released at the output region (or axon terminal). V-Snare/T-Snare ComplexSodium ion influx at the axon terminal causes voltage gated calcium channels to open. Calcium ions enter the neuron and bind to synaptotagmin on the vesicle. VAMP, syntaxin, and SNAP-25 will intertwinetheir alpha helix proteins bringing the vesicle closer to the membrane. The neurotransmitter will be released into the synaptic cleft where they can bind the ligand gated channels on the postsynaptic cell. Patellar ReflexThe patellar tendon is tapped. A(n) stretch receptor in the quadriceps muscle opens causing an action potential in the primary sensory afferent which has its cell body in a(n) ganglia outside the CNS. The primary sensory afferent synapses in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and releases glutamate on both a(n) lower motor neuron and a(n) interneuron. The lower motor neuron releases acetylcholine on the quadriceps muscle to cause it to contract, while the interneuron releases GABA to inhibit the hamstring muscle.Spinothalamic TractThe spinothalamic tract (STT) is a(n) ascending pathway for pain, pressure, and temperature. From the sensory receptor, the primary sensory afferent synapses on the cell body of the second order neuron in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. The second order neuron then crosses midline and travels up the spinal cord in the spinothalamic tract and synapses on the third order neuron in the thalamic relay nucleus. The third order neuron passes through the internal capsule and synapses on the postcentral gyrus (AKA the primary somatosensory cortex) of the cerebral cortex.PCMLThe posterior column medial lemniscus (PCML or DCML) is a(n) ascending pathway for proprioception and fine touch. From the sensory receptor in the periphery, the primary somatosensory afferent enters the dorsal horn and travels up the spinal cord in the dorsal columns before synapsing on the cell body of the second order neuron in the dorsal column nucleus. The second order neuron crosses midline and synapses on