BMS 300 1st Edition Lecture 17 Outline of Last Lecture I. GPen as transmembrane protein receptor- cascade of cellular events affecting enzymes1. Gpen >adenylyl cyclase -cyclic AMP >downstream affect II. Steroid Hormone Receptors -cytoplasmic receptors -regulation of gene transcription and translation -structure and function of steroid hormone receptors-DNA as molecules of life 1. stores information about RNA structures 2. RNA structure stores information about protein structure III. The Hypothalamic Pituitary Axis -hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary1. posterior pituitary >nucleus secreting hormones vasopressin oxytocin2. anterior pituitary >adenothypophysis rat hake’s pouch hypothalamic pituitary pontac system releasing hormones troph cells-stimulation hormones target glandOutline of Current Lecture IV. The neuron doctrine-the neuron as the fundamental structural functional unit of the nervous systemThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.V. Source of the doctrine -Santiago Ramon cajal-Camillo Golgi -the golgi stain -cellularists and reticularists -law of dynamic polarization VI. Structural description of nutritional organization -dendrite -cell body-axon, axon terminal VII. Functional organization model -input -conductible -output VIII. Distribution of ion channels IX. Cell body of neurons -logistical problems of asymmetric cells -axoplasmaic transport 1. fast 200-400 mm/day >vesillos & microtubules 2. slow -0.1-2mm/ day >intermittent movement Current LectureNeuron Doctrine -the nerve cell is the fundamental structural and functional unit of the nervous systemSantiago Ramon y Cajai-used the golgi stain-was labeling a subset of cells -the golgi stain was important because it stained the entire cell -he only labeled 1-2 of the neurons could see without the distractions of other things -he said that the nervous system was composed of individual units called neurons -the directionality of information flow was the: law of dynamic polarization-he was right and Camillo Golgi was wrong Camillo Golgi-worked with the same stain as Santiago -they were enemies-he said that the nervous system was composed of neurons called cytoplasmic bridges *they both ended up getting the Nobel prize even though Camillo was wrong Structural Organization of Neurons -the neuron consists of many different parts >dendrite >neuronal cell body >axon>axon terminal -protein synthesis is confined to the neuronal cell body -the whole structure can be up to a meter long -the directionality of dendrite cell body axon: dynamic polarization -there are synapses on the end that connect to the input region -input region: ligand gated channels response proportional to the number of channels that open -conductile region: voltage gated channels (all or nothing) -AP propagates along the conductile region which carries electrical information for long distances -everyone is connected to everyone else -they are very unusual because they are asymmetric -neurons are asymmetric cellsThe rabbit retina example-scientists took a rabbit’s retina -to perform an experiment they cut sections to figure out where the radioactivity was -they graphed -they found that the kinesin was moving at a fast rate -the slow component was also moving by the
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