BMS 300 1st edition Lecture 36Outline of Last Lecture I. Erythrocyte structure and hormonal control of production -hormonal regulation1. erythropoietin >glycoprotein hormone >kidney as “sensing” and production organ >site of hormonal regulation -proerythrocytes-growth factor -structure and function of erythrocytes 1. biconcave disk2. 250,000,000 hemoglobin molecules >2 alpha, 2 beta -contraction -effect on RII. Fate of erythrocyte -spleen-red pulp>role of macrophagesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. Grade Buddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.III. Recycle FeIV. Porphyrin rinsas waste V. Hemodynamics and lymph production Outline of Current Lecture VI. The spleen, macrophages, and red pulp VII. The spleen as organ of the immune system -white pulp and cells of immunity -monitoring for blood borne pathogens VIII. The formation of lymph -hydrostatic and osmotic pressure -surgeit of extravascular fluid 1. lymph 2. lymph in lymphatic vessels 3. lymph in lymph nodes >germinal regions and cells of immunity >monitoring extracellular space IX. Peyer’s patches, tonsils, and the epithelium -germinal regions and monitoring what enters from the outside X. Thymus -monitor T-lymphocytes for efficacy and specificityXI. Types of immunity -innate/non-specific-adaptive/specific XII. Branch’s system -humoral -cellular XIII. Cells of immunity Current LectureSpleen as the site for erythrocyte disposal and as lymphoid tissue that monitors for blood borne pathogens -in the red pulp there are macrophages that recognize worn out erythrocytes >which then process to the lysosome which are hydrolytic prolytic enzymes -there is germinal region for cells of the immune system (white pulp)-there are large gaps between endothelial cells -the porphrin ringliver intestine waste products -the pathogen can be exposed to the cells of the immune system **spleen monitors for blood borne pathogens Lymph and lymph nodes as sites for monitoring extracellular pathogens -the formation of lymph -everything is lined with endothelium cells -there is a certain amount of hydrostatic pressure -outward pressure on the walls -contain small gaps h2o can move—proteins can’t -there are osmotic pressures that move water back into capillaries -plasma protein is big and confined to capillaries -hydrostatic pressure is greater than osmotic pressure -there are lymphatic capillaries which act as a kind of drain -lymphatic capillaries empty into lymph ducts that empty into lymph trunks >subclavian vein Lymph passes through lymph nodes -germinal regions: sites for aggregation of cells of the immune system -efferent: lymphatic vessels -afferent: lymphatic vessels**filtering point to improve immune responseslow down the flow Tonsils and Peyer’s patches as epithelial associated germinal regions -an immune monitoring of the outside world -the tonsil protein will be bound to the apical surface -crypt of the tonsils -there are germinal regions: aggregation of the coils of the immune system -there’s a bacteria lodged in the crypt -helps us raise the immune responseThymus-large when born -internal monitor -as lymphoid tissue that monitors T-lymphocytes -T-lymphocytes are T-killer cells -all immune cells originate in the red marrow -naïve T-lymphocytes are born in the res marrow and migrate to the
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