BMS 300 1st Edition Lecture 10 Outline of Last Lecture I. RNA and its transcription from DNA -RNA types 1. mRNA2. tRNA3. rRNA4. regulatory -RNA structure 1. 5-carbon sugars (ribose) 2. phosphodiester bonds 3. bases:-purines >adenine>guanine-pyrimidines >cytosine >uracil II. RNA polymerase and transcription initiation III. Promoter (where you start) -TATA box These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.IV. Transcription factor-DNA binding protein—to promoter -recruitment of RNA polymeraseV. Transcription of RNA from DNA -read DNA 3’ to 5’ -generate RNA 5’ to 3’VI. RNA editing -cut out introns -leave exons -edit RNA in nucleus VII. RNA to cytoplasm leave exons -translation -RNA’s working together Outline of Current Lecture VIII. Protein translation -on ribosomes in the cytoplasm -required RNA1. mRNA: codons for the amino acid sequence 2. tRNA: carries specific amino acid 3. rRNA: forms ribosomes which is a catalyst of peptide bond formation-concept of a codon1. set of three bases to encode on amino acid2. start codon AUG 3. open reading 4. stop codon IX. Cytoplasmic proteins -deposited into cytoplasm -synthesized on free ribosomes X. Transmembrane, secreted, & liposomal proteins -roughXI. Targeting the ribosome, mRNA-complex to ER -signal peptide1. NH2 end of protein 2. series of hydrophobic amino acids 3. role of signal recognition particle -SRP receptor, ribosome reception, protein translator in ER -transmembrane proteinCurrent LectureRecap from last lecture: -rRNA is large and has a small ribosome sub-unit -tRNA is the transfer RNA RNA’s working in concert to synthesize protein-take the edited mRNA strand which is from 5’ to 3’ and when there is a combination of AUG that is the “start codon” -the small ribosome sub-unit attaches at the bottom of the mRNA (around the 5’ cap) and the large ribosome subunit attaches to the top of the mRNA -then a transfer RNA comes and attaches at the start codon sight with anticodons -at the start a peptide bond will form and the amino acid fmet is formed -this continues creating peptide bonds all the way down the strand-the transfer RNA read the codons 3 at a time down the strand -this continues until it reaches one of the “stop codons”>UGA>UAG>UAA-the stop codon will end the translation and the strand of amino acids (protein) will float away*remember that the ribosome is going down 3 at a time until it reaches the stop codon -the ribosomes will then go free to start making a new protein*always start with a start codon and stop with a stop codonUsing the signal peptide to target proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum -the “signal peptide” holds about 17-20 amino acids The structure of the SRP-has the small ribosome and large ribosome with the strand of mRNA in the middle and a strand coming out the top of the large ribosome with amino acids attached to it and a signal peptide attaches to that-we will learn more about this in lecture
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