Lecture 16Outline of Last Lecture I. Scales and LifespanII. How is Forecast Made?III. Sources of DataIV. Surface Station NetworkV. Rawinsonde NetworkVI. Satellite ImageryVII. RadarVIII.The National Weather ServiceIX. WatchesX. WarningsXI. Watches, Warnings, and AdvisoriesXII. Weather ForecastingXIII. Review of FrontsXIV. Computer ModelsXV. Weather ModelingXVI.Numerical Weather PredictionOutline of Current Lecture XVII. Late Medieval JudaismXVIII. Hasidim- E. European Jewish PietismXIX. Russian and Eastern European Piery “Hasidism” and “hassidut”ATMS 100 1st EditionXX. 18th c. Judaism: Enlightenment and EmancipationXXI.Moses MendelssohnXXII. 19th c. Judaism (Western Europe)XXIII. American DenominationsXXIV. Synagogues in IsraelXXV. Eastern Europe- Judaism as NationXXVI. 20th c. Judaism IXXVII. Daily Religious LifeXXVIII. Sacred CalendarXXIX. 3 Pilgrimage Festivals: Agriculture and HistoricalXXX. 3 Minor HolidaysXXXI. Major Life Cycle EventsCurrent LectureXXXII. Late Medieval Judaisma. Expulsions of Jews from Western Europeb. 16th c. Josheph Caro’s Code of Jewish LAw (Shulkhan Arukh “Set Table”)i. Jews return to Israel (Messianic Kabbalah-Isaac Luria)XXXIII. Hasidim- E. European Jewish Pietismb. Founding Figure of this movementi. Ba’al Shem Tov (“Master of the GOod Name”) 1760c. Still existsXXXIV. Russian and Eastern European Piery “Hasidism” and “hassidut”b. Rejection of “Outside World”c. Emotion (prayer) over intellect (Torah Study)d. Popular Movement- psychological kabbalah implicationse. everyone can experience union with God: “Devekut”i. connection/intmacy with divinef. God is everywhere and everythingg. Anti-Asetic; Joy (Singing, Dancing, Drinking)h. Authority: Personal Charisma of “Tzaddik” (Righteous One) i. Return of herreditary leadershipi. stand on head during prayer (break pride)j. excommunicated by R. Elijah of Vilna (GRA) 1977XXXV. 18th c. Judaism: Enlightenment and Emancipationb. Moses Medelssohn 1729-1786; i. wrote book called JerusalemXXXVI. Moses Mendelssohnb. Jewish Socratesc. Defeats I Kant in writing contestd. rejects dogmas of maimonidese. opposes all forms of religious coercionf. judaism is a religion not a nationg. educational reform- math, science, sports, and arth. Jewish Acculturation: not assimilationi. Translates Hebrew Bible into Germanj. 5/7 children convert to ChristianityXXXVII. 19th c. Judaism (Western Europe)b. Emergence of 3 Denominations (Germany)i. Reform Judaism1. “Ethical Monotheism”2. branch of judaism which is most radical3. reject ritual/nationalism4. sharp break from Rabbinic Judaismii. Orthodox Judaism1. No changesiii. Conservative Judaism1. Changes evolve slowlya. only denomination that supported Zionism from InceptionXXXVIII. American Denominationsa. Reform: 35%b. Conservative: 18%c. Orthodox: 10%XXXIX. Synagogues in Israela. Orthodox: 10,500b. Conservative and Reform: 112iii. Creates tension between America and IsraelXL. Eastern Europe: Judaism as Nationa. Zionism: Cultural, political, religious (Messianic)b. The secular zionist movement begins before the holocaust (1897)XLI. 20th c. Judaism Ia. Early 20th c. -- Emigration: America and Palestineb. World War II: The Holocaust iii. 6 million Jews murdered by the Nazis (1939-1945)iv. Theological Crisisc. 2 Extreme Religious Responses to State of Israel - Jewish Independnece (1948)iii. Satmar1. Religious Anti-Zionismiv. Gush Enumim1. Messianic Zionism2. Block of the Faithful 3. Post 1967 movementXLII. Daily Religious Life Ia. Prayer 3 Times a Dayiii. 18 Blessings “Amidah” (Standing)iv. Shema “Hear O’ Israel...” v. Torah Reading: Monday, Thursday, and Saturdayvi. Men - tallit (prayer shawl and tefillin (black straps and boxes)vii. Minyan- 10 needed for “public prayer”viii. Blessings before and after food/mealsb. Kosher Dietary Lawsiii. Kosher Animals- Cloven hooves, chews cud (sheep, cattle, goats, and deer)iv. Shechita -ritual slaughter (trachea/esophagus)v. Kosher Fowl- Chicken, geese, duck, turkeyvi. Kosher Fish- fins and scales (no schecitah)vii. no blood or fatviii. no meat (or chicken) with milkXLIII. Sacred Calendara. Sabbath- 39 Forbidden Types of Work (Rabbinic Judaism)b. Sabbath- Light candles, Kiddush (Bless Sabbath over wine), Havdalah (Mark end with wine, candles and spices)c. Penitential Holidays - Rosh Hashana (2) - New year (Shofrar, Yom Kippur (1)XLIV. 3 Pilgrimage Festivals: Agricultural and Historicala. Passover (Exodus from Egypt- 7/8)b. Shavuot (“weeks”)c. Sukot (“Huts”) 8/9 Days (Israelites)XLV. 3 Minor Holidaysa. Work Allowediii. Purim (1 day) 5th c. BCE1. victory over Persians2. like Halloweeniv. Hanukkah (8 Days) 2nd c. BCE1. victory over Greeksv. 9th of Av 1. Mourn Loss TempleXLVI. Modern Jewish Holidaysa. Yom Hashoah: Remember the Holocaust day (1939-1945)b. Yom HaZikaron: Memorial Day (Loss of Israeli Soliders and Israeli victims terror)c. Yom Ha’atzmaut: Israel Independence dayd. Yom Yerushalayim: Reunification of Jerusalem (1967) not widespreadXLVII. Major Life Cycle Eventsa. Brit Milah (Covenant of Circumcision) 8th Dayb. Bar (13) and Bat (12) Mitzvah - Adulthoodc. Marriage (kiddushin) No pre Marital Touching/Sexd. 7 Days celebrate marriage- shevah berachot (7 blessings)e. Polygamy allowed until 11th c. f. “Family Purity” Niddah - 12 days month no sex (Period+ 7 clean days)g. Divorce (get) only men h. Death- Burial (no cremation)i. “Shivah” 7 days of mourningj. Kaddish Prayer- 12 monthsk. Conversion- circumcison and ritual bath (males) ritual bath (females) and acceptance of 613