Lecture 2Outline of Last Lecture I. What is Religion?II. Religious Celebrations/PracticesIII. Smart’s Six DimensionsIV. Indigenous Religious TraditionsV. Mythological/DoctrinalVI. RitualOutline of Current Lecture VII. Where Do We Find Hinduism?VIII. What is Hinduism?IX.Unity in DiversityX. Class and CasteXI. DoctrineXII. Narrative and PerformanceXIII. BhaktiCurrent LectureXIV. Where Do We Find Hinduism?a. You can find world wide-- Primarily in India and Nepal (South Asia)i. Bali, Figi, Guyana, Europe, and the USXV. What is Hinduism?PHIL 1101st Editiona. History of the Term ‘Hindu’i. persian geographical term1. related to indus/sindhu rivera. Hindu is someone who lived along this riverii. Find in Arabic textsiii. British at the end of 18th century1. Hindoo=people of Hindustan (northern India)a. more about who you weren’t then who you areiv. Not a Muslim, Christian, Sikh, or Jainv. Hindu-ism- 1830b. Defining Characteristicsi. oldest living religion-- 2500 BCE to 1500 BCEii. no historical founderiii. No common creed iv. 330 Million gods and goddessesv. identification based not on faith, but on class/caste mem-bership and the god(s) you worshipvi. **practice takes precedence over belief**vii. **Hinduism as a religion, Hinduism as a way of life**These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.XVI. Unity in Diversitya. FIve Central Elementsi. Doctrine, Practice, Society, Narrative, Bhaktib. Sacred Cowi. Iconic symbols of Hindu traditionii. five products of the cow (Milk, curds, clarified butter, urine,and dung) are sacred and used for ritual purposesiii. Divine associations:1. God Shiva’s vehicle is a bull2. Lord Krishna is a cowherdc. Puja i. worship, the core ritual of popular Hinduismii. everyday1. in temples and homes2. priests and laypeopleiii. honor gods and goddess, treat as distinguished guest, ex-press personal devotion to themiv. Prasad, blessed offeringd. Gods and Goddessesi. 330 Million 1. but all are one 2. one in many, many in oneii. Main Gods: Shiva, Vishnu, Brahmaiii. Main Goddesses: Devi (Goddess), Durga, Kali, Parvatiiv. Worshipped in anthropomorphic form as a statue or in an-ionic forms of nature (tree, rock, river, etc.)e. Sacred Riversi. purifying power of water1. purity and pollution (physically and spiritually)ii. life sustaining propertiesiii. rivers as embodiment of divine goddesses1. Goddess of Gana Ma= Ganges riveriv. other forms of sacred nature1. trees, rocks, basil plant, rice flour, drawingsf. Asceticismi. renouncer tradition: Sannyasin, yogin, sadhu1. seeking sprititual knowledge and moksha (liberation)ii. in contrast to:1. Brahmanical2. Populariii. Four Stages of Life:1. Student2. householder3. semi-retired/hermit4. renouncerg. Marriagei. important lifecycle rite for women and men1. householder stage of life2. women: becoming a wife and motherii. significance of kinship tiesiii. upholds the dharmic and social orderh. Ritualsi. fasting, festivals, pilgrimage, processions, sacrifice1. national, regional, and village levelXVII. Class and Castea. Four Classes (varna)i. Brahmin (priest, scholars)ii. Kshyatrya (warriors, kinds, royal/ruling families)iii. Vaishya (merchants, peasants, agricultaralist, atrisansiv. Shudra (servants1. Untouchables (dalits, harijans)b. Casts (jati) systemi. hierarchical structureii. born into casteiii. polarity between purity and pollutionXVIII. Doctrinea. Vedasb. Composed between 1500-BCE -6th BCE in Sanskrit c. Almost all Hindus accept their authorityXIX. Narrative and Performancea. Oral and Written Textsi. epics1. Ramayanaa. Ram-lila2. Mahabharataii. Puranas (collection of stories)1. myth, history, belief, ritual, pilgrimageiii. Folk NarrativesXX. Bhaktia. devotionb. loving devotion to a personal godi. Husbands are considered to be divinec. poetry and