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UIUC PHIL 110 - Deities, Darshan, and Worship

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Lecture 5Outline of Last Lecture I. DharmaII. Four Aims of LifeIII. Smrti vs ShrutiIV. PuranasV. DharmastraVI. Laws of ManuVII. EpicsVIII. The RamayanaIX. Rama as an IdealX. Sita and StridharmaXI. The MahabharataXII. The Bhagavad-gitaOutline of Current Lecture XIII. PujaXIV. Forms of the DivineXV.DarshanPHIL 1101st EditionXVI. 330 Million GodsXVII. GaneshXVIII. The TriadXIX. BrahmaXX. Gods, Goddesses, and ShaktiXXI. Gods vs GoddessesXXII. SaraswatiXXIII. LakshmiXXIV. Lakshmi IconographyXXV. ParvatiXXVI. Parvati and ShivaXXVII. DurgaXXVIII. KaliXXIX. Krishna and RadhaXXX. Five Central ElementsCurrent LectureXXXI. Pujaa. literally means worshipb. an act of respectful honoringc. worship deities as honored guestsd. 16 offerings and services of pujai. offering a seat to or installation of the deityii. offering water for washing the feetThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.iii. offering water for washing head/bodyiv. offering water for rinsing mouthv. bathingvi. dressing/offering garmentvii. putting on the sacred threadviii.sprinkling with perfumeix. adorning with flowersx. burning incensexi. waving an oil lampxii. offering foodxiii.paying homage by prostration, etc.xiv.circumambulationxv. dismissal or taking leave of deitye. Puja is performed by:i. priestii. laypeopleiii. in the homeiv. in templesv. at other religiously significant locationsXXXII. Forms of the Divinea. Murti, or image or statuei. sculptured images are antrhopomorphicii. man-madeiii. designs are strictly goverened by traditional iconographic rulesiv. sacred only after being consecrated by installing divine power in themb. picturesc. aniconic imagesi. uncarved rocksii. other naturally sacred objectsd. natural phenomenaXXXIII. Darshana. “seeing” and “being seen”b. deity gives darshanc. devotees takes/receives darshand. the divine is visible in Hindu cultureXXXIV. 330 Million Godsa. many but onei. each deity is a manifestation of an aspect, facet, or expres-sion of godii. “worship many deities while also affirming the singularity of the divine”b. fluidityi. constant shifts in powerii. no absolute distinction between humans and deities1. Examples:a. women worship husbands as godsb. bride and groom are considered divine on wed-ding dayc. possession of devoteed. Kumari pujac. order and chaos, creation and destructionXXXV. Ganesha. remover of all obstaclesb. son of parvati (and shiva)c. elephant-headedXXXVI. The Triada. Brahma, Vishnu, Shivab. Devi (mahadevi) = the great goddessXXXVII. Brahmaa. The creatorb. least commonly worshippedc. consort: saraswatid. four heads, faces, and handse. holds no weapons, but VedasXXXVIII. Vishnua. The Preserverb. Benevolentc. preservation of cosmos and proper orderd. linked to kingshipe. consort: Lakshmi; no childrenf. iconography: crown, conch shell, chakra (spinning discus weapon), mace, lotus, flowerg. 10 Avatarsi. Matsya (fish)ii. Kurma (turtle)iii. Varaha (boar)iv. Narasimha( half-man, half-lion)v. Vamana (dwarf)vi. Parashurama (a sage)vii. Ramaviii.Krishna ix. Buddha x. KalkiXXXIX. Shivaa. The Destroyerb. Consort: Parvatic. Children: Ganesh and Skanda (Kumar)d. The erotic ascetice. symbolized by the linga (phallus)f. iconography: trident, damaru, drum, third eye, blue throat, mat-ted hair, smeared with ashes, garlanded with a serpent, crescent moon on head, Ganga flowing from hairXL. Devi a. Mahadevi=Great Goddessi. unmarried, independent, autonmousb. Devi=mahatmya, 5th CEc. two dominant categories:i. mild: lakshmi, Parvati, Saraswati, Sita, Radhaii. wild: durga, Kali1. sources of power (shakti)XLI. Gods, Goddesses, and Shaktia. Shakti as energizing principle, power of deities, without which they cannot functionb. Goddesses with consortsc. Goddesses without consortsXLII. Gods vs Goddessesa. Primary structural opposition:i. gods are linked to divine, otherwordly, celestial spaceii. goddesses are linked with this world and the earth as both soil and territoryXLIII. Saraswatia. Associated with speach, learning, culture and wisdomi. inspiration and emobdimentb. icongraphyi. four hands holding:1. a book 2. a lute3. a rosary4. a water potii. gleaming whiteiii. seated on a lotusXLIV. Lakshmia. very popularb. associated with prosperity, well being, royal power, and illustri-ousnessc. Consort: Vishnui. embodiment of ideal hindu wifeii. supporting role in creation and maintenance of dharmic or-derXLV. Lakshmi Iconographya. with Vishnu:i. smiling, intimateii. marital contentmentiii. beneficial interdependenceb. Independenti. four armsii. offering coinsiii. holding lotusesiv. sitting on lotusv. flanked by elephantsvi. calm, pleasant demeanorXLVI. Parvatia. Consort: Shivai. embodiment of ideal Hindu wifeii. sexual dalliance, harmony, blissfulness, calmiii. two sons: ganesh and kumarb. virtually no independent mythology or historyXLVII. Parvati and Shivaa. their union exemplifies tension between householder and ascetic idealsb. Parvati’s role: to lure Siva into world of sex, marriage, and chil-drenc. Shiva-ShaktiXLVIII. Durgaa. Virgin warrior goddessb. Fierce and destructive, but works to uphold cosmic stability and orderi. combats demons who threaten the stability of cosmosc. Iconography:i. sits astride fierce lionii. 8,10, or 18 arms and hands wielding weaponsiii. seductive and beautifuld. role reversalsXLIX. Kali a. fierce virgin warrior goddessb. blood-thirsty demon slayerc. inflictor and curer of diseasesd. iconography:i. terrible, frightening appearancee. all-loving, compassionate MotherL. Krishna and Radhaa. lengthiest and most individualized biographyi. historical hero and godb. the Divine as humanc. love affair with RadhaLI. Five Central Elementsa. Doctrinei. Vedasb. Practicei. Pujaii. Gods and Goddessesiii. Sacred riversiv. ritualc. Societyi. asceticismii. class and casted. Narrativei. epicsii. performancee. Bhaktii.


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