Lecture 10Outline of Last Lecture I. Important Mahayana SchoolII. Foundations of Mahayana SchoolIII. Mahayana ScripturesIV. Doctrinal FoundationV. Emptiness, Nirvana, and the Religious GoalVI. Emptiness and the ReligiousVII. Buddha Nature: Doctrine of TrikayaVIII. Body of BlissIX. Ideal of the BodhisvattaX. Buddhism into ChinaXI. TiantaiXII.Tiantai/Tendai in JapanXIII. ChanXIV. ZenXV. Pure LandOutline of Current Lecture XVI. Historical ContextXVII. Worldview: Ultimate Reality and its CharacteristicsXVIII. Confucianism: The MasterPHIL 1101st EditionXIX. Confucianism: Concepts and ConcernsXX. Five Confucian VirtuesCurrent LectureXXI. Historical Contexta. Shang Dynasty (c1750-1040 BCE)i. belief in spirits1. developed with ancestor worshipii. highest figure of verneration: Shangdiiii. divination practice: oracle bones and the ritual authorityof the rulerb. Oracle Bonesc. Zhou Dynasty (c1040-256 BCE)i. Highest figure of veneration: Tian (Heaven)ii. Mandate of Heaven- myth of legitimation; right to ruled. Warring States Period (479-221 BCE)i. Confucianism and Daoisme. Qin Dynasty (221-206 BCE)i. Unification of Chinaf. Han Dynasty (206 BCE-220 CE)i. National system of education (confucian)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is bestii. development of yin/yang cosmologyiii. Introducing yin/yang principles in practices of divination (“Book of Changes”)g. Book of Changesi. hexagrams1. represent principles of yin/yangXXII. Worldview: Ultimate Reality and It’s Characteristicsa. Order/Daoi. order of the worldb. Unityi. order is unified as onec. Hierarchy i. order is ordered hierarchically d. Dynamismi. order doesn’t have beginning or end; the way order works is dynamicii. Yin/Yang1. two opposing my complementary principles2. good/evil does not apply to yin/yange. Participationi. all things that exist in the universe embody the whole universef. Meaningg. DivinationXXIII. Confucianism: The Mastera. Kong Qiu/Confucius (551-479 BCE)i. Born into lower noble class; father diedii. obtained good education and had diverse administrativecareeriii. The Analects (Lun Yu)iv. Founder?XXIV. Confuscianism: Concepts and Concernsa. Problem: World has fallen into dis-order and disharmony- Or-der has been disturbed and Mandate of Heaven has been losti. Order/Dao= Social Orderii. Tian/Heaven= ultimate moral force that supports the or-derb. Solution: Order needs to be reestablished and Mandate of Heaven recoveredi. Reestablish clear hierarchy in the societyii. Act in accordance with one’s place in this hierarchy (“rectification of names”)1. describe and define your place in the hierarchyc. Method: Self-Cultivation through educationd. Ideal: Junzi (“gentleman”)- cultivated individual who emobidesspecific virtuesXXV. Five Confucian Virtuesa. Filial Piety (xiao)i. respecting and honoring all members in your family (mostly elders; but care for young too)ii. respect for ancestors (very important); ancestor worshipb. Benevolence (ren)i. key virtueii. humanness, goodness, empathyiii. interaction with othersc. Reciprocityi. Five Basic Relationshipsd. Ritual Propriety (li)e. Cultivation (wen)f. Moral