Lecture 16Outline of Last Lecture I. Late Medieval JudaismII. Hasidim- E. European Jewish PietismIII. Russian and Eastern European Piery “Hasidism” and “hassidut”IV. 18th c. Judaism: Enlightenment and EmancipationV. Moses MendelssohnVI. 19th c. Judaism (Western Europe)VII. American DenominationsVIII.Synagogues in IsraelIX. Eastern Europe- Judaism as NationX. 20th c. Judaism IXI. Daily Religious LifeXII. Sacred CalendarXIII. 3 Pilgrimage Festivals: Agriculture and HistoricalXIV. 3 Minor HolidaysXV. Major Life Cycle EventsOutline of Current Lecture XVI. Christianity TodayXVII. Early Christianity: The BasicsXVIII. Early Christianity: ContextsPHIL 110 1st EditionXIX. Why were these events important?XX. Overview of the New TestamentXXI.What is Gospel?XXII. Gospel of Mark: Literary StructureXXIII. Turning Point TextXXIV. Gospel of Mark: Main ClaimsXXV. A Few Key TextsXXVI. Ninian Smart on MythologyXXVII. How does the Gospel of Mark function in the MythologicalXXVIII. SummaryCurrent LectureXXIX. Christianity Todaya. About 32% of world population (7.125 billion) is Christian (about 2.2 billion)i. 50% Catholicii. 37% from a Protestant traditioniii. 12% in the Orthodox Communion (including Greek and Russian orthodox)iv. 1% “other” (Christian scientists, Mormons, and Jehovah’s witnesses, among others)XXX. Early Christianity: The Basicsa. See within context of Second Temple Judaism (516 BCE-70 CE)i. dedication of second temple (516 BCE)ii. destruction of second temple by Romans (70 CE)b. 1st c. CE movement followers of Jesus of Nazarethc. Originated in Roman- occupied Judead. Began as a Jewish reform movement, one of several:i. Phariseesii. Essenesiii. Zealotse. Followers claim that Jewish Messiah (mashiach, anointed, Christ)f. Eventually, Jesus movement attracts more non-Jewish (Gentile) adherents, who are called “Christianos” (Christians) by outsidersXXXI. Early Christianity: Contextsa. Events that shaped the New Testamenti. Hellenistic Empire, starting with the death of Alexander the Great (323 BCE)ii. Translation of Hebrew scriptures into Greek (Septuagint 250 BCE)iii. Responses to Jewish persecution, including rededication of Jewish Temple (164 BCE)iv. Roman occupation of Judea (63 BCE)v. Crucifixion of Jesus (30 CE)vi. Writing of the New Testament texts (50-130 CE)vii. “Closing” the New Testament canon (397 CE) which also deems what is non-canonicalXXXII. Why were these events important?a. established the complex cultural and political contexts which the Jesus movement responded and grewXXXIII. Overview of the New Testamenta. Gospelsi. Matthew (80s CE)ii. Mark (65-70 CE)iii. Luke (80s CE)iv. John (90s CE)b. Actsc. Pauline Corpusd. General Epistlese. RevelationXXXIV. What is Gospel?a. Euaggleion = good newsi. oral messageii. compare the Priene inscription (9 BCE) about Caesar Augustusb. Genew (literary type) similar and dissimilar to ancient memoir, lives/biographyc. Why were they writteni. historical: as a recond, the eyewitnesses were dyingii. evangelistic: to show to non-Christians (however, seem designed for Christians)iii. teaching: to enourage and correct the lives of ChristiansXXXV. Gospel of Mark: Literary StructureXXXVI. Turning Point TextXXXVII. Gospel of Mark: Main Claimsa. The beginning of the Gospel: Jesus the Messiah, the Son of Godb. Mark’s Gospel is rooted in Jewish tradition form the start, when it announces Jesus as the Christ (messiah) who fulfils Scripture c. Mark also refers to Jesus as the Son of God, a figure who had special relationship with Godd. Mark’s Depiction of Jesusi. Authoritative Son of Godii. Opposed Son of Godiii. Misunderstood Son of Godiv. Acknowledged Son of Godv. Suffering Son of Godvi. Crucified Son of Godvii. Vindicated Son of GodXXXVIII. A Few Key TextsXXXIX. Ninian Smart on Mythologya. not a reference to something falseb. can be based on historical events, but don’t necessarily describe what actually happenedc. in this context, myth means story and conveys what is believedXL. How does the Gospel of Mark function in the Mythologicala. Gospels are making truth calims. they are writtent o persuade.b. about what?i. the importance of Jesus Nazareth1. in Jewish history as the Messiah2. in all of human history in inaugurating the Kingdom of God3. for God’s purposes on earth, to bring about the renewal and belief ii. the sovereignty of God1. stronger than human power2. stronger than the strongest empire (Roman)3. resurrects Jesus: vindicates Jesus from a criminals death and shows the power of Godiii. the importance of the right response: believe and follow JessusXLI. Summaryb. The Jesus movement started out as a Jewish reform movement, one of severalc. The Jesus movement grew to make universal claimsd. KNOW THESE TERMS:i. Second Temple Judaism (516 BCE- 70 CE)1. Hellenistic Era (323-63 BCE)ii. Early Christianity (30-397 CE)1. Roman Era (63 BCE-476 CE)iii. Judeaiv. Jesus Movementv. Messiah (“anointed”) Christvi. Christianos (“Christians”)vii. Gentileviii. Canonix. Septuagint (LXX)x. New Testamentxi. Non-canonical writingsxii. Euggelion (“good news” gospels)xiii. Gospel (as a literary genre)xiv. Kingdom of Godxv. Crucifixionxvi.