BIOM 121 1nd Edition Lecture 16 Outline of Last Lecture I. Respiratory system consists of upper and lower respiratory tractII. Upper respiratory tract filters, warms, and humidifies airIII. Lower respiratory tract exchanges gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide)IV. The lungs are organs of gas exchangeV. Gas exchange occurs in alveoliVI. Pulmonary capillaries bring blood and air into close contactVII. Defenses of the respiratory tractVIII. Lung volumes and vital capacity measure lung functionIX. Gas exchange and transport occur passivelyX. Hemoglobin transports most oxygen moleculesXI. The nervous system regulates breathingXII. Disorders of the respiratory systemOutline of Current Lecture I. Nervous system overviewA. Receives information from many sources simultaneously; sorts infoB. Integrates information (processes, compiles, makes sense of this information)C. Extremely fast- can receive, integrate, and respond in tenths of a secondD. Can initiate specific responses such as muscle contraction, glandular secretion, conscious control over movementE. Integrates and controlsII. Nervous system has 2 partsA. Central nervous systemB. Peripheral nervous systemCurrent LectureIII. Nervous system overviewA. Receives information from many sources simultaneously; sorts infoB. Integrates information (processes, compiles, makes sense of this information)C. Extremely fast- can receive, integrate, and respond in tenths of a secondD. Can initiate specific responses such as muscle contraction, glandular secretion, conscious control over movementE. Integrates and controlsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.1. Neurons: nerve cells specialized for carrying electrical signals from one part of the body to anothera) Generate and conduct electrical impulses (action potential)(1) Primary means of communication throughout the nervous system(2) All or none(a) Individual neuron threshold sets extent of stimulus needed(b) If threshold achieved, it triggers(c) Once triggered, an action potential is always the same speed and voltage(3) Self-propagating(a) Continues to propagate itself in the next region of the axon(b) Moves like a wave down the axon, with constant speed and amplitudeb) Sensory neurons: neurons found in the PNS that receive stimuli and transmit information to the CNSc) Interneurons: transmit information between components of the CNSd) Motor neurons: neurons found in the PNS that transmit information away from the CNSe) Cell body: main part of the cell, has the nucleus and most of the cytoplasm and organellesf) Dendrites: small slender extensions of the cell body, receive incoming informationg) Axon: long slender extension, specialized to conduct electrical impulses away from the cell body(1) Ends in a cluster of branches, each with a bulb-like synapticterminal that relays signals to another neuron or an effector across a synapse2. Glial cells: support neurons and modify neuronal communicationIV. Nervous system has 2 partsA. Central nervous system1. Brain and spinal cord2. Receives, processes, and transfers informationB. Peripheral nervous system1. Nerves outside CNS2. Sensory division: carries information toward the CNS3. Motor division: carries information away from CNS; somatic and autonomic
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