I. The Characteristics of LifeBSC 109 1st Edition Lecture 1 This Lecture:I. The characteristics of lifeII. Living things are grouped according to characteristicsIII. Defining features of humansIV. Biological organizationV. Science as knowledge and a processVI. The Cholera outbreakChapter II. The Characteristics of LifeA. Have a different molecular structure than nonliving thingsB. Require energy and raw materials (metabolism)C. Are composed of cells (with specialized/specific functions)D. Maintain homeostasis (stable internal environment)E. Respond to external environment/stimulusF. Grow and reproduce (change in physical/psychological make-up)G. Populations of living things evolve and change over timeH. AN ORGANISM IS NOT CONSIDERED “LIVING” UNLESS IT HAS ALL OF THESE CHARACTERISTICSII. Living things are grouped according to characteristicsA. 3-domain classification system1. Domain bacteria2. Domain archaea3. Domain eukarya (4 kingdoms)a) Kingdom Protista(1) Unicellular and simple multicellular(2) Eukaryotic(3) Examples: protozoa, algae, slime moldsb) Kingdom animalia(1) Multicellular(2) Eukaryotic(3) Heterotrophic (consumes its nutrients, as opposed to producing its own)c) Kingdom fungiThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.(1) Eukaryotic(2) Decomposers(3) Examples: molds, yeasts, mushroomsd) Kingdom plantae(1) Multicellular(2) Eukaryotic(3) PhotosyntheticB. Order of classifications1. Kingdom2. Phylum3. Class4. Order5. Family6. Genus7. SpeciesIII. Defining features of humansA. Bipedism (walk on 2 feet)B. Opposable thumbsC. Large brain (relative to body size)D. Capacity for language (both spoken and written)IV. Biological organizationA. MoleculeB. AtomC. CellD. TissueE. OrganF. Organ systemG. OrganismH. PopulationI. CommunityJ. EcosystemK. BiosphereV. Science as knowledge and a processA. Study of the natural worldB. Knowledge about the natural worldC. Process used to acquire knowledge (scientific method)1. Observe and generalize2. Formulate a hypothesis3. Make a testable prediction4. Experiment or observe5. Modify the hypothesis and repeata) Hypotheses cannot be provenb) Make findings knownc) Hypothesis can become a theory(1) Must be broad(2) Must be extensively tested(3) Must be supported over time(4) Must explain a broad range of facts(5) Must have a high degree of reliabilityD. Be a critical thinkerE. The role of science in society1. Improves technology2. Has limits3. Helps us make informed decisionsVI. Cholera outbreak in London (1854)A. Unknown cause, unknown method of transmittal, lethal (extreme dehydration)B. Dr. John Snow observed that most cases emerged near a water pumpC. Residents and visitors who drank from the pump contracted the diseaseD. Now known: 1. Cholera is caused by a bacteria that lives in feces2. Spread through unsanitary conditions (the pump water)3. Deaths due to severe dehydration caused by
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