Lecture 24Outline of Last Lecture I. Cross-Cultural Research Examining DivorceII. Divorce in the U.SA. Factors Relating to DivorceB. Impact of Divorce on Family MembersIII. Results of DivorceIV. Divorce Laws and Terminology Outline of Current Lecture I. Divorce in JapanA. HistoryB. ResponseC. FactorsD. Divorce CeremoniesII. Divorce in SwedenA. HistoryB. Additional InfoCurrent LectureI. Divorce in Japan- They have low divorce rates, but they are increasing- Historically, they are said to have one of the lowest number of divorce rates in the world. HOWEVER, this is skewed because they would compare their numbers with America, and as we know, America is a case of extremes.- They actually fall in the middle compared with Europe and other countries. A. History- They did not always have a lower divorce rate- From 1180-1898 they had the highest divorce rate in the world!- It suddenly dropped in 1898 because the Meiji Civil Code was introduced.- Before 1898, they had a peasant marriage system where women were considered economic resource and they would test their wife out, like a trial marriage.- This is called the Stable High Divorce Rate Marriage SystemB. Response- Japan is slow in responding to changing divorce rates- Politicians are carrying the myth of “always low divorce rates” in their campaigns.- Japan is not dealing with the issues; no welfare for single mothers, increased poverty, and no child support. The legal system is practically non-existent since Japan is turning their heads the other direction in the attempt to keep divorce rates low by not supporting it.- A large number of elderly have pensions that they do not know how to divide if they get divorced/C. Factors- There is acceptance of divorce but still stigma (disapproval associated with it).- There is gender inequality in Japan. FAS 370 1st Edition- There is no alimony, child support, or visitation procedures AKA NO LAWS for parental rights in the case of divorce.- Men earn more than womenD. Divorce Ceremonies- Japan now has divorce ceremonies; a ceremony celebrating/recognizing a couple’s divorce.- It involves:- Paying money- Arriving separately- Breaking the wedding rings together- A reception- Chopsticks (symbolizing breaking apart).II. Divorce in Sweden- Sweden is known as the trendsetters for the rest of modern world.- They have low marriage rates-low divorce rates since less people get married.- They cohabitate instead of marry, because they view being a couple as being committed.A. History- Sweden has a long history of being sexually permissive- In 1917, Sweden dropped the idea of illegitimate children, so now the baby is legitimate even if born out of wedlock.- Sweden has the highest rate of family dissolution in the world (couples break up a lot, break up families).- Even with their low marriages, they have the HIGHEST divorce rate in Europe!!B. Additional Info- Sweden has a variation of “no fault” divorce, couples can get divorced for any reason and it is immediate; unless they have children, then there is a 6 month reconsideration period.- It is unknown why divorce is so high in Sweden- Sweden focuses on protecting children, the system guarantees minimum support to parents and children, knownas a “family allowance”.- The state pays the child support, and the father pays the state. So even if the father doesn’t pay, the mother still receives child