FAS 370 1st Edition Lecture 19 Outline of Last Lecture I. ParentingA. Three Universal Goals of Parenting II. Shared Parenting TasksA. 6 Categories of the NEPEMIII. Parenting Behaviors and Parenting StylesA. 4 Types of Parenting StylesB. Findings from Parenting StylesC. Additional Info on Parenting StylesOutline of Current Lecture I. Chinese ParentingII. Common Child Rearing Terms in China1. Chiao-Yang2. GuanIII. Parenting Differences between China and the United StatesIV. Gender Differences in Chinese ParentingCurrent LectureI. Chinese Parenting- Few studies have been done on Chinese parenting; this is because China is generally closed to the idea. Lack of culturally appropriate tools and assessments also contributes to the scarcity. - However, the studies that have been done have shown contemporary Chinese parents to fall into the category of high parental control and restrictiveness, known as authoritarian.- Many critics have argued that researchers have applied the authoritarian parenting style to Chinese parenting without understanding the cultural meaning and significance of control and restrictiveness in Chinese society.II. Common Child Rearing Terms in China1. Chiao-yang: (Chiao=education, Yang=rearing) These Chinese words reflect the parent’s primary concernfor development in their children.2. Guan: (To govern; love or care for) Relates governing with love. This reveals that controlling one’s children reveals their love for them.III. Parenting Differences between China and the United States- In the U.S, child rearing is thought of as a passive support environment. The parents are there to help support, but not to actively rear them in this.- In China, it is the opposite. The Chinese see their parenting role to actively structure the environment and shape their child.- Chinese children may regard some controlling techniques used by their parents as responsiveness and not demandingness. The control is not restrictive; restrictive control leads to adverse affects on metal health.- In China, the first 6 years of a child’s life in marked with indulgence and warmth, as this span is seen as a time of innocence. They believe thay the children do not have cognitive awareness. It is known as a watching period. After 6 years old, children should know better. Age 6 is an age of reason. Parents then proceed to make strict demands.- In the U.S, we consider the first 6 years VERY important for learning, and we think that children should know better when it comes to certain things; such as, behaving poorly at the dinner table.IV. Gender Differences in Chinese Child Rearing- Fathers become more distant- Mothers continue to be closely involved- Mothers stress expectations, especially in school. Education bring honor to the family.- “Strict Father, Kind Mother”- Mother is described as kind-hearted and strict, which is similar to authoritative, NOT authoritarian- Father’s are perceived harsher and less responsive than mothers by adolescence.- Men are discouraged from expressing emotions. - Fathers are also perceived as less demanding. This is because the mother is more closely involved in rearing.- Boys are kept under strict control and close surveillance- Discipline is harsher for boys than for girls. This results from the tendency for boys to have more behavioral problems than girls.- Power assertive techniques for boys (time-outs, rewards) Induction techniques for girls (discipline with reason).- In terms of control and discipline, Chinese parenting techniques are marked by variation. General statements do not apply to parenting.- *There is no one style of Chinese parenting. It varies all