Lecture 16 FAS 370 1st EditionOutline of Last Lecture I. Population, Fertility, and Family PlanningA. Fertility ControlB. Ways to Control FertilityC. Concepts II. Family Policies and FertilityA. InformationOutline of Current LectureI. Culture and Diversity in ParentingA. Differential FertilityB. Religion and FertilityC. Voluntary ChildlessnessII. ParenthoodA. Benefits of Parenthood B. Costs of ParenthoodC. CeremoniesCurrent LectureI. Culture and Diversity in Parenting A. Differential Fertility- The higher the income, the lower the fertility- Higher educational attainment, the lower fertility- White people have lowest fertility rate 58/1000- Asian/pacific islander 69.4/1000- Native American 70.7/1000- Black 73.7/1000- Latino 107.4/1000 Why is there a decline in the fertility rate in the US?- Later marriage age- Higher divorce rate- Woman working- People think they need two incomes- Abortion B. Religion and Fertility- Those who actively practice a religion have a higher a fertility rate- Certain religions encourage high fertilityVoluntary childlessness- 10% of people were childless in 1980; 19% of people were childless in 2004- Three paths to this decision1. Commitment made before marriage2. Choice after launching a successful career3. Postponed until too late (most common) Benefits of Parenthood- Positively affect the marriage bond- Immortality (link with the past and link with the future)- Meaning/Purpose- Enhanced Status- Unconditional love- Recapture youth- Integrate into community- Societal support Costs of Parenthood- May negatively affect marital happiness- Emotional costs- Financial costs- Indirect costs Ceremonies- Baby welcoming ceremony- Celebrate the birth of the baby- Baby naming ceremony- Celebrate when the child is named. This happens after 7 days in some cultures and the child is not believed to have an identity until after it is named.- Navajo first laugh ceremony- Celebration of the baby’s first laugh. Usually the person who gets the babyto laugh first has to throw a feast/celebration in honor of this
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