HIST 100 1st Edition Lecture 7 Deification of Caesar- Sidius Iulim- Caesaris Astrum- Day light visible cometoOctavian (Augustus Caesar)- Adopted son of Caesar - Second triumvirate - Marc Antony - Marcus Lepidus - Breaks down - Caesarion, Antony, Cleopatra  Battle of Actium - Decisive victory for Octavian - Last battle of roman republic  Beginning of roman empire Caesar - First roman emperor (44 BC- 14 AD)- Participate = first period of roman empire o Trying to maintain the illusion that the republic is still in effect o First citizen of Rome- Moderation, man of people- Res Gestae Divi Augusti Golden Age of Latin Literature - Virgils Aeneid - Ovido Metamorphoses; Amores (“Love Affairs”) and Ars Amatoria (Art of Love)- Horaceo Odes, Satires - Caligula o 3rd emperor of Rome o Father was Germanicus  The nephew and adopted son of emperor Tiberius  Successful general These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Inherited throne Scandals- Promiscuity - Incest - Insanity - Cruelty  First emperor to be assassinated Nero - 5th emperor of Rome - Matricideo Mother Agrippina o Killed Claudius with poison?- Great Fire of Rome o Rumor played lyre and sand o Persecution of Christians - Suicide o Year of the four emperors Pax Romana- “Most peaceful time in history”o 200 yr. of stability, gradual and peaceful expansion o Consolidation of roman empire o Even after peace, empire lasted until 476 BC- Began with Augustus - Got a little weird under Julio- Claudians - Most success under the five “ good emperors”o Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antonius Pius, Marcus Aurelius A Divided Judaea - Hellenization had resulted in many Jewish factions o Differing commitments to Temple observance and authority of priests o New focus on rabbinical leadership and “oral Torah” o Belief in coming apocalypse  Jews marrying non Jews  Exiled Jews close contact with Zoroastrianism - Three “philosophical” Jewish sects o Sadducees= ‘people of the land” Immortality of soul, resurrection of deado Essenes= ascetic community, difficult to define Catch- all term to describe a variety of minor sects?Jesus of Nazareth- “historical Jesus”/ “biblical Jesus” - Baptism and crucifixiono Accusation of blasphemy - Led to development of Christianity - One of the greatest spiritual legacies of Western Civilization- Eventually became the official religion of Roman Empire - “Pagan” Ages of Early Christianity - APOSTOLIC AGE o FROM RESSURECTION OF JESUS (C 33 AD)o UNTIL DEATH OF LAST APOSTLE, JOHN (C. 100 AD)o Acts= major source for this period - Ante- Nicene Period o 1st century- Council of Nicaea in 325 ADo Least studied period of early Christianity - First seven Ecumenical Councilso From first council of Nicaea (325) to the seventh Council of Nicaea (787 AD) New Testament- Four gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John) - A narrative of the apostles’ activities right after Jesus’ death - Seven more epistles that tradition attributes to Paul but that he almost certainly didn’t write - Seven more epistles falsely accredited to four of the original twelve apostles - A densely symbolic dream vision of the end of the world Gospel of Matthew - Written 85-90 AD- Tax collector - One of the original 12 apostles - Jewish Christian, spoke Greek, Hebrew and Aramaic - Drew on Mark’s gospels o Who was not a eyewitness to Jesus’ life Gospel of Mark - 68-73 - Attributed by tradition - The “John Mark” mentioned in the acts of apostles o Helped Paul on his first missionary tour - Greek speaker- Not eyewitness to Jesus’ ministry - Addressing an audience that has already experienced persecution Gospel of Luke - 80-85 - also wrote Acts of Apostles - Physician and missionary with Saint Paul - Greek speaker who knew the Jewish bible only in its Greeko Septuagint - NOT an eyewitness to Jesus’ career - Drew on Mark’s Gospel - Not from Palestine- Probably NOT born Jewish How Christianity would have looked to a Roman- Poor people- Slaves women non citizens - lack of other gods o disregard for ROMAN GODS- Dead Godo Convicted criminal who is then worshippedo Who you eat and drink his blood Paul- Originally Saul of Tarsuso Prosecuted followers of Jesuso Then converted - Began spread of Christianity to non- Jews o Significant contribution - “You could have Christianity without Jesus, but not without Paul” Kerygma- “Heralding”o Sort of like a town crier- Made known the resurrection of Jesus o Which proves his divine mission o Duty of repentance o Future coming of the Kingdom and Judgment - Spread the ‘cult’ of Christianity Christianity and Roman Admin.- Rich people in power o Bishops// consul and Senate o The more constituents you have, the more power - Established network o Roadso Province admin.o Tax revenueEmperor Constantine - Battle of Milvian Bridge - Sourceso Lactantius- “delineate the heavenly sign on the shields of his soldiers” (On the Deaths of the Persecutors 44.5)- Eusebiuso Later Christ came to Constantine in a