HIST 100 1st Edition Lecture 17French wars of religion - 1562 – 1598 a series of wars between French Catholics and French protestants (Huguenots)- 2 million to 4 million people killed- Massacre of vassy - Bartholomew’s day massacre - Edicts of Nantes o Catholicism is the official religion in Franceo Huguenots can worship and hold office in certain regions- Religion toleration in France o By political necessity not conviction Beginning of the scientific revolution - 16th and 17th centuries - new phrases in traditional development o unlike renaissance humanism o math, astronomy, medicine had always been important to society - come to define intellectual life These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o placed science at the centero unique to the west - must be seen in light of religious history o arguments with the church o also side by side development with the church  not out of divorce from church (19th century) Copernican Revolution - New science developments from a new model - Motion of the planets o Traditionally held the geocentric model o Fit with Christian theology and 2 thousand years of tradition - Nicolaus Copernicus o Suggested the heliocentric model o Confirmed by tycho brahe and Johannes kepler Flaws In Geocentric model - Event to the naked eye, planets movement was irregularo Transit of venus and mini eclipse that follows  Venus passes between earth and sun o Various arguments to explain the inconsistencies  Epicycles, etc. none satisfactory o Perfect circles with earth (ie Gods creation) at the center was too appealingNicolaus Copernicus- 1510 German polish astronomer - heliocentric model removed many inconsistencies - by 1514 he circulated his ideas with his friends o the spend years gathering data - on the movements of the heavenly bodies o not published until 1543 (the year of his death)o fear of it upsetting the catholic church  but it did notJohannes Kepler - left horrible nearsighted from smallpox o relied on his teacher, tycho brahes astronomical tables - famous axioms of planetary motion - planets move in ellipses around the sun - non uniform speeds - velocity of each planet throughout its orbit is in direct proportion to its distance from the sun at given moment - **Geocentric model to heliocentric model (main idea)Galileo Galilei - genius in astronomy, mathematics, physics, tinkerer- crafted even better telescopes o 8x magnification- discovered the moons of Venus o no allowance for this in the geocentric model - confirmed by christoph clavius - most prominent mathematician in the church Arrest - 1616 the church condemned the heliocentric theory as contrary to scripture o Copernicus and kepler had presented as simply math o Galileo makes open conflict for bible interpretation - 1623 published a treatise on comets o argued that comets were optical illusions o insulted (correct) astrologers, many were clerics - 1632 taken before the inquisition at Rome o because he asserted heliocentric model was trueIsaac Newton- Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica - Laid the foundations for classical mechanics - Contributions to optics - Development of calculus o Shares credit with Gottfried