HIST 100 1st Edition Lecture 8Late Antiquity and Emergence of Medieval World - Crisis of the third Century o Military anarchy o Roman empire nearly collapsed o FROM 218-285 AD, There were 83 claimants to the throne Only a handful died of natural causes o Non-stop war undermined the economy  Disrupted farming and commerce  Warmongering generals devalued currency o Unlucky timing: roman boarders attacked by Germanic tribes - Year of 6 emperors o Some reigns lasting only 20 days o No buildings, public works, laws, cultural attention o Demonstrates disorder- Diocletian o Restive army and wrecked economy at the time  Europe’s gold and silver mines largely depleted o Withdrew Rome’s currency from circulation  Returned Europe to a barter system  A money economy wouldn’t return until 10th century o Reorganized the army  Separate military and civil divisions o Tetrarchy (political)  Rule of 4 o Persecution of Christians o Constantine’s Edict of Milan o Constantine  Legalized Christianity - Not yet official religion  Demolished the tetrarchy  Solidified eastern and western empire - Seemed to have restored the empire o Stables, control returned to emperor, trade, culture, boarderso Attempts to stabilize church These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Byzantium o Istanbul, once Constantinople o New capital city of roman Empire  Nexus of trade, east meets west o Western empire was in severe declineo Western side faring far better  Money, cradle of Western Civ, urban, commercial, literate, sophisticated, sense of unity - Christianities o No two groups of people believed the same thing  Jesus of Nazareth as biblical messiah? Son of God? Died on the cross and rose from the dead? Physically present in the bread and wine of Eucharist? Coeternal with God?o Fracturing and internal fighting resultedo Constantine summoned a council to sort it out  Invited the leaders of every Christian community - Arianism o Controversy over the trinity o Arius- priest in Alexandria  Teachings emphasized the fathers divinity over the son  Son was created by the father and therefore subordinate- Had already been a debate within christianities  Heresay- opposing teaching of universal beliefs of the church - Nicene Creed - Migration Period - Goths o East Germanic tribes o Invaded by the Huns o Forced Goths to seek refuge in roman empire  Under leader Fritigern o Famine, harsh treatment by romans, revolt- Battle of Adrianople o Beginning of the end of the roman empireo Emperor Valens and 40,000 troops defeated  Killed along with 2/3 of army o Settlement of Gods  Those federated by new emperor Theodosius = Visigoths  Ostrogoths joined the Huns - Visigoths o Under the leadership of Alarico Led his soldiers into Italy looking for payment  Rome refused, sieged city, Rome finally agrees o In 410 AD, he asked for parts of the N. Italy to settle  Rome refused o Alaric and Goths sack Rome for 3 days  Roma Invicnta o Visigoths leave Italy, settle in Spain and Gaul as allies o Ironically, they were the keepers of Roman legacy - Vandalso Another Eastern Germanic tribe o Around 400, they started moving into Empire  Because of Huns/ looking for better land? Settled in N. Africa - Sieged hippo Regius- death of St. Augustine - Treaty granted them Roman Province of Numidia  455, they sack Rome - Considered more thorough than Goth sack of 410 476, Odoacer dispose W. roman Emperor - “End of roman empire”- Ostrogoth Kingdom o Emperor Zeno (E.Empire) upset with Odoacer  Calls in Ostrogoths to defeat him under Theodoric  To bring Italy back into Empire= Gothic War  Success, but Theodoric establishes his OWN rule o Maintains Roman Law and administration  Visigoth kingdom in Spain  But Ostrogoths practiced Arian Christianity  Cause of dissention between them and Romans o With Theodoric’s death, end of Kingdom  Italy conquered by