HIST 100 1st Edition Lecture 4 Aristarchus of Samos - Heliocentric model of the universe o Often rejected for Aristotle/ptolemy’s geocentric- Celestial calaculationso Size of suno Size of earth o Size of moono Distance between the sun and earth, moon and earth Archimedes - Used aristarchus’ heliocentric to determine how many grains of sand will fit in the universe - Invented a language for very large numbers- Archimedes screw - Archimedes claw- Eureka Eratosthenes - Calculated the circumference of the earth - Distance between earth and sun- Degree of tilt of the earth’s axis - Invented leap year Euclid - “father of geometry” elements - used axioms to systematize mathematics o collection of postulates, propsitions and proofs o ex: things which equal the same thing also equal one another o ex: the whole is greater than the part - arguably one of the most influential bookso second to the bibleo only in the 20th century, did it get replaced o separation of science and philosophy more conscious effort for distinction Aristotle divided philosophy:- Logic, physis and ethics By Hellenistic era:- Systematic research and empirical observation These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Astrology and mathematicso Hellenistic philosophy How to live a good life vs. mathematics and ethics As a result of influxes of popualtions and ideas Cultural centers of learning Academy, lyceum stoa garden etco Led to ideas of: Determinism and the relationship with free will Value of individual One god, pantheism henotheism Many regard it as an influence on Christians ideals “I am not an Athenian or a Corinthian, but a citizen of the world.”o Cynicism Taught in cynosarges - “place of the white dog”- from an insult offered freedom from suffering - by rejecting all conventional necessities - money career possessions o stoicism zeno of citiums stoa poikile - in agora of Athens virtue is sufficient for happiness - //cynics, accordance with nature- self control helps with negative emotions- logic helps to decide what’s best universe = god - pantheistic sympatheia - stoic doctrine- all things are connected and influence each other - gives rise to horoscopic astrogeology o planets influence actionson earth - this combined with geocentric model and mythic signifigance of constellations-= unified scientific theory o medicine health = balance of humours (termperaments) sanguine (pleasure –seeking and sociable)- air blood -choleric (ambitious and leader like) - fire yellow bile melancholic (analytical and thoughtful)- earth black bile and phlegmatic (relaxed and quiet) - water phlegmo Epicueanism The garden o Pleasure= highest good Form of hedonism o To attain pleasure, not soley absence of pain Live modestly and to gain knowledge of the workings of the world and the limits of one’s desires o Neutrality of godso Opponent to stoicism o Materialisys Ex nijilo nihil fito Syncretism “the amalgamation or attempted amalgamation of different religions, cultures, or schools of thought.” In hellenistic culture, combonation of all the new cultures - Blend of Mesopotamian, Persian, Anatolian, Egyptian- Typically a better blend outside Greece Ammon= zeus= Jupiter o Hellenistic women Cosmopolitan cities in egypt, asia and Macedonia= different values than mainland - Except Sparta Women have more freedom (upper class women, anyways) Egyptian women involved in politics and owned land Increased economic freedom o Rise of rome Macedonian empire broken into pieces - Disunity= threat from outsiders Battle of Corinth - Greek allies defeated by romans- Salt the earth Greece becomes province of rome -
View Full Document