HIST 100 1st Edition Lecture 14 Portuguese expansion - 1420 Henry the navigator o First to venture into Atlantic ocean o 1488 Bartholomeau Dias  Round to the cape of good hope Potential mutiny forced him to return o 1498 vasco de gama  Reaches India in search of Christians and spices o 1511 Alfonso de Albuquerque  Seized city of Malacca - Spanish expansion o Christopher Columbus o Pestered Ferdinand and Isabella for money and ships o Crusading indulgences funded exploration o Thought he could reach India o Within decades it was revealed he discovered a new continent o Vasco de balboa discovered pacific ocean 1513 o Ferdinand Magellan sailed states of Magellan 1519-1521 - Hernan Cortes o 1519 marched to Tenochtitlan o Only 550 troops 16 horses - Montezuma o Thought Cortes to be Quetzalcoatl o The other Spaniards to be gods o Took he city hostage but locals revolted and killed many Spanish o Smallpox had already been introduced - Triangular trade o Sugaro Tabacoo Cotton to Europe o Textileso Rumo Manufactured goods to Africa o Slaves to America (middle passage)- Middle Passage o Stage of the triangular trade in which millions of people form Africa shipped to new world These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Slavery o Throughout history o Portuguese replaced European with African  1450s – 1000 slaves taken to Portugal each year Once new world discovered it increased need - Sugar (introduced to Europe during crusades)- American slaves decimated from disease  1518- first ship with slaves from Africa to America  Peaked in 18th century o Effects of slavery  Political violence and warfare Maintain constant supply of slaveso Case study: Benin  Culturally flourishing- ravished by war and slave trade  Cost faith in god, art deteriorated, human sacrifice British in late 19th century found corrupt place Took years to rediscover rich cultural history - European Criticism o Despite humanitarian intellectuals, slavery persisted o Society of friends (Quakers) in 1770s  Criticized the practiceo French revolution (1790s) – abolished in France o 1807 Britain followed suit o Civil war 1860s in America - Price Revolution o Unprecedented inflation 16th century  Cereal price 8x in certain regions  Population growth - 1460-1620 Europe’s population doubled o More people than food o Most people living on subsistence farming - Influences of Spanish silver from New world o Too many people with too much money chasing too few resources - Francisco Pissarroo Peru and the Incan Empire o “Romans” of South America o vast riches o several expeditions o acquired indigenous allies o finally quelled the rebellions  vice royalty of Peru  Columbian exchange- old world to new world vice versao Old to new: black pepper, coffee, tea, mango, olives, onions, watermelono New to old: chili pepper, cotton, peanut, Tabaco, tomato,