HIST 100 1st Edition Lecture 10Early middle Ages - Islamic Factions o Death of Muhammad  Debate about who will be next ruler o Caliph  Successor of Muhammad  Leader of Islamic empire  Tries to bring back an era o Sunni  Accepted Abdul Bakr as the first Caliph - Father in law of the Prophet - Caliph should be chosen by community consensus/election o Shi’a  Accepted Ali Son in law and cousin of the prophet  Caliph chosen by appointed from Godo Dispute between both groups stems from who should be the successor of Muhammad’s death o 5 Pillars of Islam – each have a meaning that Islams must follow o Islamic Legacy  What we still use today : AD Syrian Christian monks began to translate Greek/Roman writings  Mathematics, astrology medicine= immediate value  Philosophy and theater= anathema o Mathematics  1-9,0 decimals place and fractions  Linear and quadratic equations  irrational numbers  relationship between algebra and geometry  * anything that begins with “Al” stems from Islamic language o Architecture  Mosque art o Carolingians  Ousted merovingians These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Papal support  Frankish kingdom established o Pepin the short  First of the line o Last died in 1122  Crowned king of the franks o From Latin Carolus  “descendants of Charles” - Charles “the hammer” Martel o Founding father of the Middle Ages  Development of feudalism and knighthood o Umayyad Arab invasion  Moors from Spain led by Abdul rahman (leads Muslims)  5th largest empire the world has seen o Battle of Tours  Prevented Islamic spread into Europe  Hammered his opponents 300,000 people slaughtered  got nickname the hammer  he only lost 1500 men total - Feudalism o Decentralized Europe o Lords  Land owners, nobility, money bags  Land lord who the vassals paid rent to o Vassals  People under mutual contract  Pay in money, military service Tithe “the renters”  used to grow cropso FIEFS  Also called manors  Inherited land or estate  Thanks to Charles the Bald  How the idea of renting homes came about manors 3 field system - Development in agriculture - Getting a better yield of food - Charlemagne o Massacre in order to “Arianize” the Christians and make them orthodox not hereditaryo Carolingnean o He and his brother Carloman inherited the empireo Removed Lombard’s from Italy, battles against Moors o Massacre of Verdun  4500 captured Saxons  Attempts to Christianize the empire o Crowned emperor (holy Roman)  Christmas Day  First Roman Emperor in 400 years- Vikingso Germanic tribe from Scandinavia o Economic and environmental problems forced them to leave their homeland in search of better things o Built boats and left o Sea conquest o England was a favorite target  Also monasteries o Got as far as Greenland (not Christopher Columbus), Vinland (in Canada) and Europe **o Normandy o Influence on English  Sky, skirt, freckles, awkward, fog - Vinland o Got here around 1000 AD o In 1960 archeologist team discoveredo Only in N. American contact that pre dates Columbus o Settlement only lasted a few years  Native population  Little support - Oseberg Ship o Found in Vinland by archeologists o Very impressively built boat o Can sail in as little as 3 feet of water - Moors o Start trading with people in Spain - Egypt o Start trading with Ethiopians - This all spreads culture - Massive empire starts fractioning of weaker empireHigh Middle Ages (New Lecture)Reconquista - New conquest - Series of struggles over control of Spanish peninsula o Visigoths, Islamic empire o Northern Spain areao Battle of Tours (first battle over this area) (over religion)o 790 (year) Spanish speaking Visigoths o Spanish states pop out over the next 100 years in this area o Year 1150 more states formed from north towards southern Spaino Crusades in Jerusalem and middle east o Both sides of Europe trying to push out Islamic empire Trebuchet - Very important development - Engineering push from people in power towards engineers and scientists (military advancement)- Seize tower - Catapult - Spinning wheel o Brought into Europe (middle ages)o Via Islamic empire- Astrolabe o Greek navigation instrument o Also brought back to Europe via Islamic empire  Astronomical clocks - Magnetic Compass - Eye Glasses (European