Psych 2510 1nd Edition Lecture 10 Outline of Last Lecture I. Somatic Symptoms DisorderII. Biological Risk FactorsIII. Environmental Risk FactorsIV. Cultural and other FactorsV. A Causal Model of Somatoform DisordersVI. Risk FactorsVII. Strategies to PreventVIII. TreatmentOutline of Current Lecture IX. What are mood disorders?X. Major Depressive DisorderXI. Dysthymic DisorderXII. Manic episode/Hypomanic episodeXIII. Bipolar DisorderXIV. Cyclothymic DisorderXV. SuicideXVI. Epidemiology of Mood DisordersCurrent LectureThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.I. What are mood disorders?A. Mood disorders involve extreme emotional states of sadness, euphoria (or irritability)II. Major Depressive DisorderA. A major depressive episode is a lengthy period of sad or empty mood, eating andsleeping problems, concentration difficulties, fatigue, sense of worthlessness, and suicidal thoughts or attempts.B. Major depressive disorder involves several major depressive episodes (made up of at least one major one)C. 2 months between episodes to be considered distinct episodesD. Can occur with psychotic featuresE. Video case study: Evelyn, a patient suffering from major depressive disorder.III. Dysthymic DisorderA. Dysthymic disorder is a chronic feeling of depression for at least 2 years.B. Persistent depressive disorderC. “Low-grade” symptomsD. Relief from symptoms < 2 monthsIV. Manic episode/Hypomanic episode A. A manic episode is a period of uncontrollable euphoria and potentially self-destructive behavior. B. A mixed episode involves symptoms of mania and depression for at least 1 week. C. Hypomanic episodes are similar to manic episodes but with less impaired functioning (less severe)i. Does not cause the same level of impairment in daily functioningii. Like bursts of energy, but last longerV. Bipolar DisorderA. Bipolar I disorder involves one or more manic or mixed episodes. B. Bipolar II disorder refers to hypomanic episodes that alternate with major depressive episodes, normal mood, and mania.C. Rapid cyclingD. Video: Emilie, a patient suffering from bipolar disorder.VI. Cyclothymic Disorder A. Cyclothymic disorder refers to symptoms of hypomania and depression that fluctuate over a long timeVII. SuicideA. Suicide is commonly seen in people with mood disorders, especially among men, European Americans, nonmarried people, and the elderly. B. Suicidality can be viewed along a spectrum ranging from thoughts of suicide to completion of suicide.C. Suicidal Ideationi. Thoughts about death, killing oneself, funerals, and other morbid ideasD. Suicidal behaviori. Self-harm or self-destructive behaviorE. Suicide Attempti. Self-destructive behavior in which someone is trying to kill themselvesVIII. Epidemiology of Mood Disorders A. Mood disorders are common in the general population and often occur with anxiety, personality, eating, and substance use disorders. B. An estimated 877,000 lives were lost due to suicide worldwide in 2002, varying