Psych 2510 1st Edition Lecture 5 Outline of Last Lecture I. DiathesisII. EpidemiologyIII. FactorsOutline of Current Lecture IV. Resilience V. PreventionVI. Defining Abnormal Behavior and Mental DisorderVII. Classifying Abnormal Behavior and Mental DisorderVIII. Assessing Abnormal Behavior and Mental DisorderCurrent LectureI. Resilience A. Refers to the ability to withstand and rise above extreme adversity and may protect people from developing mental disorder.B. In the video showed, a man with a traumatic childhood is able to pull his life together to become a doctor at age 28, with the help of a mentor.II. PreventionA. Prevention refers to thwarting the development of later problems and guides many mental health programs.a. Use risk and protective factors to identify people who may need help before major problems develop.i. Reduce risk factorsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.ii. Enhance protective factorsb. Some ways to prevent child maltreatment are shown here.c. Preventiontreatmentmaintenance B. Prevention can be viewed along a continuum with treatment and maintenance.a. Primary prevention refers to providing intervention to people with no signs of a particular disorder. b. Secondary prevention refers to addressing manageable problems before they become more resistant to treatment. c. Tertiary prevention refers to reducing the duration and negative effects of a mental disorder after its onset. C. Examples of prevention programs:a. Prevention programs created at universities to prevent excessive use of alcohol use primary/universal methods, targeting incoming freshmen, for example. b. Signs of Suicide is a prevention program that educates students about how to recognize the signs of suicide in their peers as well as themselves.III. Defining Abnormal Behavior and Mental DisorderA. Mental health professionals often focus on dimensions and categories to define abnormal behavior and mental disorder.B. A dimensional approach refers to defining abnormal behavior along a continuum.C. A category is a large class of frequently observed syndromes or mental disorders.a. Categorical approach: syndromes composed of abnormal behaviors or features that occur in a personD. A diagnosis is defined by rules that outline how many and what features of a mental disorder must be present.a. This approach suggests that a mental disorder id either present or absentE. Mental disorder from the DSM-IV-TR categorical approach involves a group of abnormal behaviors associated with distress, disability, or increased risk for problems. F. The categorical approach is derived from a medical model whereby a “yes/no” approach to diagnosis is used.G. Advantages of diagnosis a. Enhanced communicationb. Improved definition and understanding of mental disorders c. Standardized rules help coordinate researchd. Ideas about which treatment is likely to be most effective for a given disorder (determining treatment)IV. Classifying Abnormal Behavior and Mental DisorderA. Classification refers to arranging mental disorders into broad categories or classes basedon similar features.B. The DSM-IV-TR is no longer based on a multiaxial systema. Encourages clinicians to use dimensional assessments in addition to diagnoses (e.g. mild, moderate, severe)C. Quantitative assessment of Axis V of the DSM-IV-TR is used to plan treatment, evaluate changes from treatment, and predict outcome. D. DSM-IV-TR diagnostic categories cover a wide range of mental disorders; two or more of these disorders may occur simultaneously within a person (comorbidity). V. Assessing Abnormal Behavior and Mental DisorderA. Clinical assessment involves evaluating a person’s strengths and weaknesses as well as understanding the problem at hand to develop/inform treatment.a. First step: the Referralb. Next: Choosing the right assessment measurea. The best have great reliability and validity B. Reliability refers to consistency of scores or responses and includes test-retest, interrater, and internal consistency reliability.C. Validity is the extent to which an assessment technique measures what it is supposed tomeasure and includes content, predictive, concurrent, and construct validity.D. Standardization refers to administering and conducting clinical assessment measures in the same way for everyone. E. Structured and unstructured interviews are the most common type of assessment. a. Unstructured: much less