Psych 2510 1nd EditionExam # 3 Study Guide Lectures: 14 - 18Test 3 Chapters 10, 12, and 13 Lecture 14 (October 28)Chapter 10: Personality DisordersWhat is the difference between Personality Traits vs. Personality Disorder?Common personality traits are N, E, O, A, C, whereas personality disorders involve dysfunctional and inflexible personality traits that deviate significantly from cultural expectations and are shown across many situations.What Patterns must be present in at least 2 areas for a personality disorder?1. Cognition2. Emotions3. Relationships4. Impulse ControlDo personality disorders occur comorbid?They are often comorbid with other psychological disorders. There are more sever symptoms and poorer outcome when comorbid. The high comorbidity with other psychological disorders makes for a worse prognosisWhy are Personality Disorders important?Because they are associated with significant impairment such as, relationship problems, job problems, substance problems, suicidality, violent death How Prevalent are personality disorders? 36% of patients have them and 8-10% of the community has them. Rates higherin inpatient clinics (36%).How are Personality Disorders organized? The DSM-IV-TR organizes personality disorders into three main clusters based on similarity of traits:1. Odd or eccentric2. Dramatic, erratic, or emotional 3. Anxious or fearfulWhat is the Dimensional Approach?A Five-Factor Model: N, E, O, A, C. These letters stand for Neuroticism/not anxious or obseesive, Extraversion/introversion, Openness to experience/closed, Agreeableness/antagonism, and Consciousness/ignorance. The personality traits form a continuum. The Dimensional approach involves rating each individual on the five factors and avoids applying a categorical label.How do you describe Odd or Eccentric Personality Disorders?Odd or eccentric personality disorders include paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disordersWhat is Paranoid personality disorder?Paranoid personality disorder involves general distrust and suspiciousness of others, one expects to be mistreated/exploited (vigilant for hints of abuse), blames others when things go wrongs, questions loyalty. There are NO hallucinations or full blown delusionsWho is more likely to have paranoid personality disorder?More common in men than women and the comorbidity is high for people who also have Schizotypal, borderline, and avoidant personality disorders.What is Schizoid personality disorder?Schizoid personality disorder involves social isolation and restricted emotional experience and expression, few close friends, aloof and distant, loner (likes solitary activities), little interest in sex, experiences anhedonia (lack of pleasureWho is more likely to have Schizoid personality disorder?The comorbidity is high for people with schizotypal, avoidant, and paranoid personality disorder.What is Schizotypal personality disorder?Schizotypal personality disorder involves social anxiety, paranoid fears, and eccentric behavior, perceptions, and thoughts, interpersonal difficulties similar to schizoid, odd beliefs or magical thinking, superstitious/telepathic. One had illusions, but NOT hallucinations and feelsthe presence of a force or person not actually present. They also have odd/eccentric behavior or appearance, wear strange clothes, talks to self. This can lead to schizophrenia.What is the epidemiology of Odd or Eccentric Personality Disorders?Personality disorders are prevalent throughout the general population, but odd or eccentric personality disorders are more common in clinical samples. 2.1% of general population has an odd or eccentric personality disorder. Odd or eccentric personality disorders are comorbid with other mental disorders such as anxiety and mood disorders but are not highly linked to gender, race, or ethnicity. How would you describe Dramatic Personality Disorders?Dramatic, erratic, or emotional personality disorders include antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personality disorders. What is Antisocial personality disorder?Antisocial personality disorder involves an extreme disregard for and violation of the rights of others, pervasive disregard for the rights of others since age 15, lies, aggressive, impulsive, breaks laws, irresponsible, lacks remorse, conduct disorder before age 15, truancy, running away, lying, theft, arson, destruction of propertyWhat is Psychopathy? (related to antisocial personality disorder, but predates DSM category)Psychopathy involves problematic interpersonal styles such as arrogance, lack of empathy, impulsivity, and manipulativeness. The guiding principle is to have control over others.One feels no anxiety for potential consequences of behaviorWhat is Borderline personality disorder?Borderline personality disorder involves impulsivity, unstable affect and interpersonal relationships, and suicidality. One is Unstable, stormy, intense relationships. They experience Splitting, which is idealization then denunciation; so see people as either all good or all bad. May love person one day and hate them the next. They experience emotional reactivity, franticefforts to avoid abandonment, unstable sense of self, anger control problems, recurrent suicidal gestures. The onset is during adolescence or early adulthood. The prognosis is poor within 10 years of diagnosis, but later in life, most no longer meet diagnostic criteria. The Suicide rates arehigh (as well as self-mutilation).Who is most likely to have BPD?The comorbidity is high with PTSD, MDD, substance-related, and eating disorders.What is Histrionic personality disorder?Histrionic personality disorder involves an excessive, overly dramatic need for attention, superficial and fleeting emotions, and impulsivity, emotionally shallow despite strong displays ofemotion, overly concerned with physical attractiveness, may be sexually provocative and seductiveWhat is Narcissistic personality disorder?Narcissistic personality disorder involves grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy for others, self-centered (demand constant attention and adulation), envious of others, arrogant, little concern for needs and well being of others, sensitive to criticism, seeks out high-status partnersWhat is the Epidemiology of Dramatic Personality Disorders?The most common dramatic personality disorders are antisocial and borderline personality disorders, but all disorders of this group involve substantial distress and/or