Study Guide for Exercise Physiology Final I. Muscle, Thermoregulation and Physiology of Training 1. What are the components of a motor unit? 2. Describe the steps involved in excitation‐contraction coupling from activation of the alpha motor neuron to actomyosin binding 3. What are the molecular mechanism underlying muscle rela xation? 4. What is the role of troponin and tropomyosin in contraction? 5. What are the molecular mechanisms that underlie muscle fatigue from intense contractile activity? 6. Diagram the force‐length relationship of muscle and explain the underling basis if the shape of this relationship 7. Plot the force‐velocity relationship of muscle and explain the implications of the shape. 8. What are the steps of the cross‐bridge cycle? Be sure to show the mechanical and biochemical events. 9. What step in the cross‐bridge cycle limits contraction velocity? 10. What key observations led to the “sliding‐filament theory of contraction”? 11. How do the contractile properties of muscle differ based on fiber type? 12. What are the methods of determining fiber type? Thermoregulation 1. What are the mechanisms of heat loss and heat gain? 2. Which mechanism are predominant at rest and how does this change with exercise? 3. What do you need to know to calculate the change in core body temperature caused by exercise? 4. How does the body sense and responds to changes in temperatur e? What structures are involved? 5. What is the difference between heat exhaustion and heat stroke? And how is the recommended treatment different? 6. How does the body compensate when exercising in a hot humid environment vs a cool, low humidity environment? 7. What physiological changes underlie heat acclimatization and how long do they take and how long do they last? Physiology of training 1. What are the principles that govern training? 2. Provide an example of each training principle 3. How big a gain in VO2max can you expect from several months of endurance training? 4. What are the physiological mechanisms that underlie the increases in VO2max with training? 5. How do the mitochondria respond to this type of training? And what is the role of intensity and duration? 6. What happens to these adaptations when training stops? i.e. detraining 7. What is the physiological response to strength training? And what is the time course of those changes? 8. How do the kinetics of oxygen uptake (i.e. rate of change)at a submaximal work change after endurance training? Cumulative portion 1. Define Homeostasis 2. How do enzymes work and what do they do in a rea ction 3. Describe an oxidation‐reduction reaction? 4. How many ATP molecules total are derived from one molecule of glucose? 5. How many from glycolysis and how many from oxidative phosphorylation? 6. How does the fuel source change with exercise inte nsity and duration? 7. What are the fuel sources (aka substrates) used by the heart? 8. What are systole and diastole and how does the duration of each change with exercise? 9. What determines cardiac output? 10. Define the different pulmonary volumes 11. What is the difference between the conducting zone and the respiratory zone in the lungs? 12. How is myoglobin different than hemoglobin? 13. How does lactate change as a function of exercise intensity and why does it demonstrate this relationship? 14.
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