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UMass Amherst KIN 470 - Lab report 5 kin 470

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Victoria NewburyLab Section Tuesday 1:00Due Date: 3/21/14Kin 470 Exercise PhysiologyGraduate TA: Ben HoffmanLab Report 5; Pulmonary Volumes and CapacitiesRESULTS:Table 1. Participant CharacteristicsGender Weight (kg) Height (cm) Age Training StatusParticipant 1 Female 63.50 172.72 22 4-5 days resistance an hour and a half, 30 min cardio 2-3 days per weekParticipant 2 Female 63.50 177.80 21 Active 5 days/week, mix of aerobic/anaerobic, slightly more cardio activities than resistance trainingTable 2. Volumes and capacities for participant 1IRV (L)ERV (L)RV (L) TV (L) FEV Vital CapacityInspiratory CapacityTotal lung capacityFunctional residual capacitySitting 1.46 .86 1 .69 2.87 3.01 2.15 4.01 1.86Exercis2.41 1.44 1 .94 2.77 4.79 3.35 5.79 2.44e (1 kg)Exercise (2 kg).78 .04 1 1.44 - 2.26 2.22 3.26 1.04Exercise (3 kg).60 .31 1 1.92 - 2.83 2.52 3.83 1.31Table 3. Volumes and capacities for participant 2IRV ERV RV TV FEV Vital CapacityInspiratory CapacityTotal Lung capacityFunctional residual capacitySitting (withoutexercise)1.36 2.16 1 1.01 3.07 4.53 2.37 5.53 3.16Calculations:Vital Capacity for participant 1 while sittingVC = IRV + TV + ERV = 1.46 +.86 +.69 = 3.01Inspiratory Capacity for participant 1 while sittingIC = IRV + TV = 1.46 + .69 = 2.15Total lung capacity for participant 1 while sittingTLC = TV + IRV + ERV + RV = 1.46 +.86 + 1 + .69 = 4.01Functional residual capacity for participant 1 while sittingFRC = ERV + RV = .86 + 1 = 1.86DISCUSSION:This lab examined the changes in lung volumes of two participants during changes from sitting to exercise and with increases in exercise intensity. Using these volumes we calculated lung capacities and analyzed several trends in the data. Tidal volume (TV) is the volume of one breath during quiet breathing. TV increased as the intensity of exercise increased, as expected. This can be explained by the body’s increased oxygen needs during exercise and the body’s increased needs to get rid of carbon dioxide being produced via respiration. Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) is the volume you can inhale with maximal effort. This value was very variable forchanges from sitting to exercise and with increases in exercise intensity. For participant 1, the IRV increased from sitting to 1 kg of exercise and then proceeded to decrease for 2 kg of exerciseand 3 kg of exercise. The results during 1 kg of exercise are likely an error as IRV is supposed to decrease with increases in exercise intensity. IRV decreases with increases in exercise intensity, as there is an increased tissue demand for oxygen. Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) is the volume you can exhale with maximal effort. These values showed similar results to participant 1’s IRV when switching from sitting to exercise and with increases in exercise intensity. Participant 1’s sitting ERV was lower than their ERV during 1 kg of exercise and then their ERV decreased during 2 kg of exercise and 3 kg of exercise. There was likely an error during the 1 kg of exercise segment as ERV is also supposed to decrease with increases in exercise intensity. ERV decreases with increases in exercise intensity as the tidal volume approaches the vitalcapacity. Residual volume (RV) is the volume of oxygen in the lungs that remains after maximal exhale and this remains the same for participant 1 throughout the entire lab test. This value does not change despite changes in exercise intensity because the lungs are never completely empty, there always has to be some volume of oxygen in them in order to keep them “inflated”. Without RV in the lungs, the lungs would be collapsed and it would be much more difficult to fill them with air. Lung volumes are dependant upon the size of an individual and thus the size of their thoracic cavity. For example, taller men have larger values than shorter men and men tend to have larger volumes than women. Volumes are also influenced by altitude and BMI. Those who live at lower altitudes or those who are obese will have smaller volumes than those who live at high altitudes and who are of normal BMI. Both participants in this lab were fit young women. Itis unknown what altitude they typically live at, which could influence their lung volumes.Training cannot improve the volume of air that an individual is able to fit in their lungs. This is already predetermined by other factors as listed before and is generally not different between exercisers and non-exercisers. Training can however improve VO2 max, which is the maximal amount of oxygen the body is able to consume despite increases in exercise intensity. It can also lead to muscular adaptations such as improved diaphragm efficiency, which can improve the function of the lungs. The difference between a lung volume and a lung capacity is that lung capacities are usedas indicators of lung function. Lung capacities are based on calculations using two or more lung volumes. Vital capacity (VC) is the amount of air that is amount of air that is forcibly exhaled after a maximal inhalation and is calculated by adding IRV, TV, and ERV. A low VC can indicate distress while a high VC can be because of a reduced gas exchange area in the lungs. The inspiratory capacity (IC) is the maximal amount of inhaled air following normal exhalation andcan be calculated by adding IRV and TV. Functional residual capacity (FRC) is the volume of air present in the lungs following normal exhalation and is calculated by adding RV and ERV. Total lung capacity (TLC) is the maximal amount of air present in the lungs after a maximal inhalationand can be calculated by adding TV, IRV, ERV, and RV. The forced expiratory volume (FEV1) is the volume of forcefully expired air for one second after a maximum inspiration. This is calculated by finding the percentage of VC that is expired within 1 second. I did not expect the values that we obtained from both participants. The results showed FEV1 values that were a highpercentage (above 50%) of the VC. I expected it to take longer to exhale that volume of air and for the release of air to be a more gradual process. There were errors that occurred during this lab in particular during 1 kg of exercise for participant 1. The values obtained do not correlate to the expected lung volume changes. This error could have been to a number of factors – perhaps the machine was not properly calibrated or the participant was not using the air tubes properly. It’s also possible that we


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