Victoria NewburyLab Section: Tuesday 1:00Due 2/11/14Kin 470 Exercise PhysiologyLab instructor: Ben HoffmanLab Report #1: Anaerobic Power and the Anticipatory Response to ExertionResults:Both participants showed an increase in the number of revolutions from 5 secondsto 10 seconds into the exercise. After 10 seconds, both participants began to decrease in the number of revolutions they produced. Participant 1’s power output decreased by 50.04% and participant 2 decreased by 42.86%. Peak anaerobic power, relative peak anaerobic power, mean anaerobic power, relative mean anaerobic power, and lowest peakanaerobic for each participant can be seen in table 2: Wingate results.Graph 1: Revolutions per every 5-second interval for Participants 1 and 2012345678Revolutions per every 5 seconds Participant 1Revolutions per every 5 seconds Participant 2Table 1: Participant CharacteristicsGender Age Height Weight (kg) TrainingP1 Female 22 5’ 1” 62.72 kg Active (6x/week, more resistance, some cardioP2 Female 21 5’ 4” 63.63 kg Active (5x/week, resistance & cardioTable 2: Wingate ResultsPeak anaerobicpowerRelative peak anaerobic powerMean anaerobic powerRelative mean anaerobic powerLowest anaerobic powerDecrease in power outputP1338.69 watts 5.4 watts/kg 253.8 watts 4.05 watts/kg169.2 watts50.04%P2400.68 watts 6.3 watts/kg 305.28 watts4.8 watts/kg228.96 watts42.86%Calculation for peak anaerobic power:=(force * distance)/ time=[resistance * (highest peak revs * 6 meters/rev)]/5 secondsAnswer is in kg*m/secMultiply by 60 sec/min to get kg*m/minConvert answer to watts (1 watt = 6 kg*m/min)P1 -= [4.70 kg * (6 revs * 6 meters/revolution)]/5 seconds= 33.87 kg*m/sec * 60 sec/min=2032.13 kg*m/min=338.69 wattsP2 - =[4.77 *(7 revs * 6 meters/rev)]/5 seconds= 40.07 kg * m/sec * 60 sec/min=2404.08 kg*m/min=400.68 wattsCalculation for relative peak anaerobic power:=watts/weight in kgP1 –= 338.69 watts / 62.72 kg=5.4 watts/kgP2 –=400.68 watts/63.63 kg=6.3 watts/kgCalculation for mean anaerobic power:= (force * distance)/ time= [Resistance * (total revs. * 6 meters/rev)]/ 30 secondsMultiply by 60 sec/min to get kg*m/minConvert answer to watts (1 watt = 6 kg*m/min)P1 – = [4.70 kg * (27* 6 meter/rev)]/30 seconds=25.38 kg*m/sec * 60 sec/min=1522.8 Kg*m/min / (6 kg*m/min/1 watt)= 253.8 watts P2 – = [4.77 kg * (32* 6 meters/rev)]/30 seconds=30.528 kg*m/sec * 60 sec/min=1831.68 kg*m/min/ (6 kg*m/min/1 watt)=305.28 wattsCalculation for relative mean anaerobic power:=mean anaerobic power/weight in kgP1 – = 253.8 watts /62.72 kg= 4.05 watts/kgP2 – = 305.28 watts /63.63 kg= 4.8 watts/kgCalculation for lowest anaerobic power:=(force*distance)/time=[resistance * (lowest number of revs * 6 meters/rev)]/5 secondsMultiply by 60 sec/min to get kg*m/minConvert answer to watts (1 watt = 6 kg*m/min)P1 – = [4.70 kg * (3 * 6 meters/rev)]/5 seconds= 16.92 kg*m/sec * 60 sec/min=1015.2 kg*m/min / (6 kg*m/min /1 watt)=169.2 wattsP2 –=4.77 kg * (4 * 6 meters/rev)]/5 seconds=22.896 kg*m/sec * 60 sec/min=1373.76 kg*m/min / (6 kg*m/min /1 watt)=228.96 wattsCalculation for decrease in power output:= [(peak power output-lowest power output)/peak power output] * 100%P1 – =[(338.69 watts - 169.2 watts)/ 338.69 watts] * 100%= 50.04%P2 – = [(400.68 watts - 228.96 watts)/400.68 watts] * 100%= 42.86%Table 3: Cardiovascular Response2 min pre-exercise heart rate10 sec pre-exercise heart rate Post exercise heart rateP1 92 101 189P2 88 85 183Discussion:From the results I can infer that participant 2 was more anaerobically fit than participant 1. Participant 2 had lower decrease in power output throughout the Wingate test (42.86%) as compared to participant 1 (50.04%). Participant 2 also had higher relative peak anaerobic power and relative mean anaerobic power than participant 1. Relative power means the amount of power expended per kilogram that a person weighs. Participant 1’s relative peak anaerobic power was 5.4 watts/kg and their relative mean anaerobic power was 4.05 watts/kg. Participant 2’s relative peak anaerobic power was 6.3watts/kg and their relative mean anaerobic power was 4.8 watts/kg. These values don’t follow the same trend as the raw power values because raw power values add up the total power produced by the whole body, not just per kilogram. Their training statuses influenced the results because, even though both were considered active (both exercise at least 5x/week), participant 2 performed more resistance training and anaerobic activities than participant 1. Physiological adaptations to anaerobic exercise include an improved bioergetic capacity and a larger percentage of type I muscle fibers. These adaptations would improve performance on the Wingate test. Bioergetic capacity is the ability to utilize oxygen when beginning an exercise. Being able to use more oxygen when beginning an exercise will allow for you body to produce more ATP. This increase in bioergetic capacity could be due to increased muscular strength and cardiovascular adaptations and will reduce the amount of lactic acid produced in the muscles. Type I fast twitch muscle fibers are associated with anaerobic exercise and training will increase the percentage of these types of muscle fibers. They produce high force, quick movements but are quickly fatigable. Participant 2 was more adept to anaerobic exercise because of their training and likely had a larger bioergeticcapacity and a higher percentage of type I muscle fibers. Participant 1 is more likely to have a higher percentage of type II muscle fibers, as this is an adaptation to aerobic training.Despite training adaptations, lactate will form during exercise no matter what. Lactateis the cause for fatigue during exercise and soreness afterwards. Once the blood lactate concentration reaches a certain point, the participant can’t exercise any longer and the lactate needs to be removed from the blood before they can start exercising again. If blood lactate concentration had been measured during the test, I would expect to observe the highest concentration during the last few seconds of the test. This was the time when the participants were their most fatigued and had their lowest anaerobic power. They wouldn’t have been able to exercise at their hardest intensity for much longer than the 30 seconds they performed before they were completely fatigued. This can be shown by the number of revolutions that each participant provided in the last five seconds of the test