2.4.14 kin 470 class notes- Three pathways to generate ATPo Creatine kinase reactiono Glycolysiso Oxidative phosphorylation- Three stages of oxidative phosphorylationo 1. Convert pyruvate to acetyl coao 2. Combine with acetylacetate in process breaking down glucose, harnessing energy from NADH, FADH2 send through ETC make proton gradient- substrates and how they might go into our glycolysis and Kreb’s cycleo glucoseo triglycerides fatty acids through beta oxidationo protein amino acids acetyl CoA2o harness energy from FADH2- ETCo NADHo FADH2o This is a complex chemical processo Essential thing: flowing oxygen, strong enough to power protons to move into mitochondrial spaceo Complex I, III, and IVo Flow of electrons pumps protons out, this is useful because it creates agradient Gradient = energy that can be harnessed Ex. pushing a ball uphill Point that allow it to occur ATP synthase- Harnesses energy to create ATP- Electron transport chain (ETC): moving e- based on affinityo Cyanide works on cytochrome C – stops that from accepting more electrons Might survive for a few mins but quickly cyanide will affect this protein in ETC – no more energy for body- ATP synthaseo ATP it makes needs to get translocated out of their go to muscles There is apump that allows it to go out, ADP to come in- The Chemiosmotic Hypothesis of ATP Formationo Electron transport chain results in pumping of H+ ions across inner mitochondrial membrane Result in H+ gradient across membraneo Gradient provides energy to form ATP H+ drives the rotary motor ATPsynthaseo Peter Mitchell and Paul Boyer- How does ATPsynthase work?o What will happen in the experiment?o What key substrate is needed to make it happen?o How can this happen without oxygen present?o How is it different than what really happens in your mitochondria?- Few rotary motors in the body- Answers:o 1st question filament will rotateo 2nd: key substrate is ATP *he was watching it break down ATP, spnning in the opposite direction because it is changing ATP into ADP & Phosphateo 3rd ATP is broken down Doing the reverse reactiono 4th rotates in opposite direction, no protons- three stages of oxidative phosphorylation; accountingo 1st thing – o need to know : 4H+ = 1 ATP NADH = 10H+ = 2.5 ATP FADH = 6H+ = 1.5 ATP- Aerobic ATP tally from
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