HIST 2112 1st Edition Final Exam Study Guide Lectures 17 24 Lecture 17 March 27 I The Fabulous Fifties A The Civil Rights Movement The Second Reconstruction Sharecropping tar paper shacks legacy of civil war 80 years later 14th amendment black people are citizens slaves 15th amendment black men can vote 19th amendment women can vote These are not really enforced until the civil rights movement and after II Why the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s A WWII War changes things Lot of black men who are in military in WWII go to Europe and are not allowed in combat Seriously segregated US military black soldiers walk into streets of Europe to find no segregation there D This is what life could be like in the US Come back from WWII wearing your uniform you have contributed to defeating Nazi s gives you huge pride how come I can fight for this country and come home to be a second class citizen Blacks had to form their own unions B Cold War Russians Soviets not really models of democracy Soviets comment about how America is not really free just look at your blacks who are enslaved Civil Rights people fight to have their ducks in a row as far as democracy goes fight for equality and freedom C Expectations in a consumer society 1950s economic growth is so intense that everybody makes more money and are doing better creates a sense of the sky is the limit Everything is possible Blacks think why not improve race relations while improving the economy III The Legal Approach early 1950s Robert Frank picture The Americans Takes pictures of everyday people in the 1950s bus with whites in front and blacks in the back If you can get laws supporting segregation in places like schools abolished then that will bring equality You go out violate segregation laws get trial trial becomes law about laws itself because they re Unconstitutional laws removes keystones of segregation A The NAACP and Brown vs Board 1954 NAACP National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Most hated organization in the south Goes after school segregation laws Brown vs Board segregation in schools Topeka Kansas 1954 o Supreme Court rules that segregation in school is unconstitutional o Separate but equal is automatically make a judgment about who is better and who is not it is neither separate nor equal o Panic in the south o 1955 Supreme Court says get moving will all deliberant speed on this a Massive Resistance segregationists try to resist de segregation 1 George Wallace Lester Maddox School choice segregation academics etc o People absolutely refuse and say MAKE ME George Wallace during 1930s was a strong liberal when it came to race joked that he was a socialist judge who made it where you had to respect blacks in the court room by calling them Mr and Mrs o Government wants to be Governor tried to win with social programs loses and eventually president o Needed issue to become elected rabid support for segregation gets elected as governor o Goes and apologizes to all civil rights people when he has an epiphany after almost being assassinated 2 Civil Rights as communism o MLK at Communist training school a guy sneaks in and takes pictures of it o Little communists in the 1950s attached themselves to the civil rights movement how little number of people there are B Little Rock High School Desegregated 1957 Federal order you ve waited long enough now desegregate it s been three years IV Fall of 57 is the year we ll desegregate A large white mob surrounds the school to physically prevent the 9 black students that are coming Orval Farbis governor decides that maybe he can be the strong segregationists and makes a stand orders Arkansas national guard to physically surround the school to prevent them from entering This goes against the Supreme Court What is the president going to do He doesn t like the threat to the federal government and executive power by Orval Farbis He will not be pushed around by a governor He nationalizes the national guard which he sends home send in the 101 airborne division and escorts those 9 to school for the entire year The school board shuts down the year after for a year so they don t have to desegregate Legal Approach is not working have to do something more than change the laws The Civil Disobedience Approach 1955 1965 faze of protests A Major Inspiration murder of Emmett Till 1955 o Major shifter brings people to realization that you need more than the NAACP you have to get out on the streets yourself and make the change B Montgomery bus Boycott 1955 o Rosa Parks story NAACP activists for years not the first person to do this she s just the most famous this was definitely planned Looking for trials and jailing a Debut of MLK and the founding of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference o The entire black community organizes through the churches and uses their power to boycott the buses we re going to carpool or walk we will not use the buses o Put pressure on the bus system and crack them with this speeches protests etc o For a year this goes on the bus company almost goes out of business eliminates the segregation on the buses because they almost economically collapsed needed the black s business o Use your body organization to make a change D o SCLC if the NAACP was legal then the SCLC was for organization and moderate protests thought NAACP was too conservative and not aggressive enough almost like unions were these groups V C Sit Ins early 1960s o Asked to leave sit all day day in and day out large white groups gathers to harass them sit in movement 220 movements o College students leading this D Nonviolence as official strategy religious conviction not everybody believe in this philosophy trained how not to react to these horrid situations though a Birmingham Protests 1963 March peacefully Bull Conner police chief sprays them with hoses attacked by dogs etc Strategically brilliant to not react o Dangerous because you cannot rely on help from the police o Cops were the Klan o Demand to desegregate police b Freedom Rides 1961 sit in on a bus o Went to the north to Oxford OH Rode bus to AL nobody segregated just stayed where they were Local Klan shoots tires out and throws smoke into bus beat you when you get off bus go to hospital and can t get treatment o KLAN WILL BEAT YOU UP WHEN YOU GET TO AL compromise with the Birmingham police Klan has 15 minutes to do whatever they want E Mississippi Freedom Summer 1964 o Black men can vote but not really because of local violence and