HIST 2112 Lecture 21Outline of Last Lecture I. The Sixties’ Protest Movements: Two PhasesA. “Hope”: reformists, positiveB. “Rage”: Bitter, cynical, sometimes violentII. Civil Rights: From “We Shall Overcome” to “Black Power!”A. Starts out “tame” and non-radicala. Legal phase: Brown v. Board, etc.b. Nonviolent Protest PhaseB. The turn toward radicalism: born of frustration and white violencea. Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) / Black PanthersIII. The New LefA. A broad coalition of “social change” groupsB. The New Lef’s Loose set of idealsC. Students for a Democratic Society and critiques of American society / culture / politicsa. Racism, poverty, “inauthentic” suburbiab. “The Establishment”1. Government, military, corporation, universities: all working together to get and keep poweri. The falseness of Liberalism2. The unity of all problemsii. Vietnam War: the ultimate symbol and expression of The Establishment’s corruption D. Protecting Vietnama. Marches, teach-ins, etc.b. Fighting the DrafE. The turn towards radicalisma. Democratic Convention: Chicago, 1968b. The Weathermen (1969)1. Violent, revolutionary (at least rhetorically)IV. The counterculture and the HippiesA. Not the same as the New Lef!B. Protested “corrupt” America by refusing to take part: “Dropping Out”a. “Life as Politics”: dress, drugs, sex as protestb. Communes: hippie utopiac. Yippies: cynical version of hippies, fighting the system through mockeryOutline of Current Lecture I. Conservatism: from the Political Fringe to the Halls of PowerII. Vox Clamantis in Deserto- Conservatism in the 1950sA. Similarities with the New Lef III. Core Conservative Beliefs A. Caveat: there are many different kinds of conservatives B. Core conservative beliefsa. Mistrust of centralized “big government”b. Emphasis on individual rights, especially property rights and free enterprisec. Mistrust of “social engineering,” i.e. using government as a tool for social improvement d. Intense anticommunism/patriotism, support for large military1. “big military” in a “small government?”e. “Law and Order”f. “Traditional Values”1. Popular among religious conservatives- but not all conservatives are religious (see Ayn Rand)g. Hatred of “modern” conservatives, e.g. Eisenhower, Rockefeller IV. Conservative Intellectual Influences A. Friedrich von Hayek and The Road to Serfdom (1944)B. U. of Chicago economist Milton FreidmanC. Ayn Rand and Atlas Shrugged, The FountainheadD. Russell Kirk and The Conservative MindE. William F. Buckley and The National Reviewa. Young Americans for FreedomV. Barry GoldwaterA. Born Arizona, 1909B. Classic Conservative: Anti-New Deal, Intensely anti-communist/pro-military, deeply opposed to LBJ’s Great Societya. Not ReligiousC. 1964 Presidential Electiona. GOP moderates defeated at convention, Goldwater nominatedb. LBJ crushes Goldwaterc. Liberalism triumphant? For now, but…Current Lecture: The Other Side of the Sixties- Barry Goldwater and the Rise of Postwar ConservatismI. Conservatism: from the Political Fringe to the Halls of Power- LBJ first gets attacked from the lef, not the right.- Afer 60s, we are casual about dress, marijuana, speech…- You might forget about the conservative 60s because of the hippy 60s. II. Vox Clamantis in Deserto- Conservatism in the 1950s- Motto of Dartmouth- “Voice crying in the wilderness”- Liberalism: The belief that the government has the ability and duty to improve conditions…Politics of the 1950s. - Liberal Consensus Era – 50s and early 60s- Ike Eisenhower: New Deal is here to stay, deal with it… Federal Highway Act…- Nelson Rockefeller: Vice President later on- Not everybody who is a conservative likes moderation during this time…- You don’t even like people in your own party like Eisenhower or FDR.A. Similarities with the New Lef - Conservatives disagreed with the idea that government was a useful tool for change- IT WAS NOT.III. Core Conservative Beliefs A. Caveat: there are many different kinds of conservatives- Young people, college kids- Middle class, affluent, and largely white- New Lef: concerned about consumerism, growing influence of bureaucracies & corporations.- Anti-communists- Hippies: individualism B. Core conservative beliefs: some value these more than others… emphasis on certain beliefs… generally, they have a mixture of all these beliefs a. Mistrust of centralized “big government” Power corrupts- recipe for disaster Ideologically unpalatable Even it sincerely tries to help people, it will screw things up b. Emphasis on individual rights, especially property rights and free enterprise Rights of property is your fundamental rights… John Locke**Read The Young Americans for Freedom (846-847?)**c. Mistrust of “social engineering,” i.e. using government as a tool for social improvement  Inefficient and wasteful…  LBJ was the devil to conservatives (doing too much / too aggressive in use of government) and the new lef (he wasn’t doing enough) NO NEW DEAL / GREAT SOCIETY / WELFARE PROGRAMS Racial injustice wasn’t the federal governments deal, it was up to the localsd. Intense anticommunism/patriotism, support for large military1. “big military” in a “small government?”- Support for Vietname. “Law and Order” Support for cracking down on conservative elements… police force against hippies, etc.  Police: Thin line between them and chaos f. “Traditional Values”: Religious thing1. Popular among religious conservatives- but not all conservatives are religious (see Ayn Rand)- Ayn Rand: Atheist- Protestant Christianity: America needs a moral regeneration… we need to go back to an older lifestyle that was deeply rooted in religious sensibility g. Hatred of “modern” conservatives, e.g. Eisenhower, Rockefeller  LBJ, FDR, Eisenhower, Rockefeller HATE THEM!!  Choice not an echoIV. Conservative Intellectual Influences : Young, college educators, readersA. Friedrich von Hayek and The Road to Serfdom (1944)o Austria… Moves to University of Chicago Economics Dept. o Argument: Any economy that has substantial control by a government will lead inevitably to Nazi style fascism or Soviet style communism B. U. of Chicago economist Milton Freidmano Capitalism & Freedom: Free market can do things better than the government can do them… o Died in 2002o US News and World