HIST 2112 Lecture 3Outline of Last Lecture I. The Worldwide History of SlaveryA. Four Unique Characteristics of Euro-American SlaveryII. Slavery and the South- the “keystone” of Southern society and cultureA. Slavery as a source of economic/political powerB. Slavery and poor whites- the “social floor”C. After the War: recreating the slave system without slaveryIII. The End of Slavery and the beginning of Freedom- Now What?A. Searching for familyB. Schools and educationC. Establishing churchesD. Entering politicsIV. The Problem of making a livingA. Sharecroppinga. Advantagesb. Disadvantages B. White SharecroppersOutline of Current Lecture I. New Attitudes about American IndiansII. Heading West- Why?III. The Fate of the NativesA. “eradication” schoolB. “Assimilationist” schoola. Indian Schoolsb. Reservationsc. The Dawes Act of 1887IV. The Failures of the Dawes Act and AssimilationV. The Ghost Dance – 1890Current Lecture: The Legacy of Conquest – “Settling” the “Wild West”I. New Attitudes about American Indians: Neil Young & AIM- Neil young’s song- Cortez the Killer- Scenes of Wounded Knee Protest- AIM folks who finally surrender to authorities- Attitudes toward Native Americans are different all over the place throughout the years… II. Heading West- Why? (inner-mountain west) **Most ethnically diverse place.A. Cheap Land- Homestead Act of 1862** main reason!- Land is running out in the east and south, Go to Nebraska- Government wants you to go out and settle westward!- Land is square. Government laid down a grid of quarter sections of 160 acre squares- The divided the land and said ok, if you want a piece, come & get it for $2.50.- Government also sponsors the railroads by giving them land… So you could also buy a piece of land from railroad companies.B. Business Opportunities $$$a. The Rise of the corporate west- You could engage in speculation: flipping houses is a good exampleThey did this with land…- People sold supplies to poor suckers- Mercantilism- ***Corporations: Railroads, Cattle Operations, - Cowboy is just a working class person, he is an employee… they can go on strike C. “Manifest Destiny” 1872?a. Conquering nature: It is your fait to move westD. Opportunities for freedom: SLAVES!! Escape sharecropping to Kansas! III. The Fate of the Natives: land has been occupied by natives until now, now Americans aregoing to take it & nothing is going to stop them!?!?!A. “eradication” school: kill them all, let God sort them out approach p.485a. The Sandcreek Massacre – 1864: kill the children because “nits make lice”b. Fetterman Massacre – 1866c. Little Big Horn – 1876: General Custard & War against the Indians B. “Assimilationist” school1. The Myth of the “vanishing Indian”: the Indian is doomed … Manifest Destiny is going to kill them2. “Re-Educate” Indians with schooling, land policy and law, to make them “civilized”: make them imitation white Americansa. Indian Schools: put Indian children in boarding schools, Kansas**KILL THE INDIAN... SAVE THE MAN** P. 488-489b. Reservations: progressive… give natives (not good) land they can call their own and we’re not going to kill themc. The Dawes Act of 1887: We’re going to break the reservations up into 160 acre pieces, then we’re going to give each family 160 acre piece of land they will farm, they will learn the value of hard work and property ownership, they will become Americans.IV. The Failures of the Dawes Act and Assimilation: results in problems such as alcoholism..A. Best land ends up sold to whites: so they lose half of the reservations of the batB. Land speculation problems: the land sucks.C. Lack of compatibility with native lifestyles: they are hunters & warriors, not farmers… men hunted, women farmed… men found it insulting because they were asked to do women’s workV. The Ghost Dance – 1890: Rumor starts that if Indians unite & begin to perform certain dances, then white people will disappear & buffalo will spring up into the plains & thingswill go back to the way they were.- The Calvary begins to wander if they are plotting a rebellion…- 200+ men and women Indians run and get caught by Calvary at wounded knee and are shot on the