HIST 2112 Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture I The Great American Melting Pot II Four immigration waves A British and Africans B Northwestern European and Irish C Southeastern European Irish Chinese D Latin Americans and Asians III Why immigrate to American And Where IV City Life A Cultural support B Employment C Prejudice from native born Americans V Living Conditions A Bad Stuf B Good Stuf a Machine politics VI Fears of immigrants among native born Americans A Catholic Jewish Faith B Threat to natives jobs C Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 D Radicalism and Marxist socialist politics VII Immigrants and Urban Reform A Jacob Riis and How the Other Half Lives Outline of Current Lecture I Working Conditions in U S Factories c late 19th Century A Sanitation B Working Hours C Work Style a Taylorism D Deskilling of Labor E Wages II Unionization and Strikes A 1866 National Labor Union B 1877 Great Railroad Strike III Knights of Labor 1870s 1880s A Radical Goals B The Eight Hour Movement 1886 C Haymarket Square Riots Summer 1886 IV American Federation of Labor 1886 V More Radical Unions A United Mine Workers of America Ludlow Massacre 1914 B Industrial workers of the world VI Homestead Steel Strike 1892 Andrew Carnegie Fights Back Current Lecture Industrialization and the Labor Movement Industrialism is the most important thing going during this period American democracy was a product of a rural America This is a brand new world What does democracy look like in the new industrial America What is Freedom going to mean Lots of women in the labor force Foreman watching over everybody Working conditions are pretty dodgy Child labor laws etc Working conditions are not ideal as of our standards I Working Conditions in U S Factories c late 19th Century A Sanitation No safety gear massive cleavers guts go through a hole in the floor into the river Rats people who fall into sausage II III 35 000 people a year will die working in factories B Working Hours LONG No weekends Only day off is Sunday C Work Style Regimented Repetitive On the Clock b Taylorism scientific management system for labor Frederick Taylor will show your employees how to move with the minimal number of movements in the shortest amount of time to do a job Turned people into extensions of their machines D Deskilling of Labor Back in the day things got made the old way and you knew all about the product Now the only thing you have to do is push a button Era of mass produced crap E Wages LOW Because there are a lot of people and not enough jobs immigration Coal Mines Scrip coupon redeemable only at a store owned by mining company Unionization and Strikes Workers Resist Industrial Conditions ANTI INDUSTRIAL A 1866 National Labor Union NLU Small Don t really change anything Like a get together B 1877 Great Railroad Strike Baltimore Ohio Railroads workers go on strike because they woke up one day and were told your wages are being cut 20 rights now Big rallies Transportation comes to a halt The government calls out the National Guard to beat up strikers and there were guns The army begins to run the trains using scab workers eventually ends strike Knights of Labor 1870s 1880s First Big Union Run by Terrance B Calvary Will have 10 of entire work force 15 000 locals Pretty open in terms of their membership except for Chinese people and the unproductive classes A Radical Goals Increased Wages Fewer Hours Basic things strikes to make them happen B The Eight Hour Movement 1886 Successful C Haymarket Square Riots Summer 1886 Spells the end of knights Big Rally in Chicago for the eight hour days 80 000 people show up for this change Workers get into a fight with the police and are killed IV V VI Have another rally against police oppression A few hundred people show up and the police show up A bomb is thrown at the police they respond by aiming fire Hung people American Federation of Labor 1886 More respectable Samuel Gompers More Radical Unions often repressed by authorities A United Mine Workers of America Ludlow Massacre 1914 West Virginia Eastern KY CO MI B Industrial workers of the world very radical socialists communists anarchists etc Homestead Steel Strike 1892 Andrew Carnegie Fights Back