HIST 2112 Lecture 13Outline of Last Lecture I. Franklin Delano RooseveltII. Hoover and the DepressionA. “Voluntary Cooperation”B. Reconstruction Finance CorporationC. FDR WINSa. Bonus ArmyIII. The New DealA. Five Agendas1. Relieve immediate Suffering2. Save banks, increase money supply3. Jumpstart industry4. Address the agricultural crisis5. “make-work” programs B. Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA)C. The Banking Act of 1933a. FDICD. National Recovery Agency (NRA)E. Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)F. Make-Work Programsa. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)b. Works Progress Administration (WPA)c. Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)IV. Other Important New Deal ProgramsA. Securities Exchange Commission (SEC)B. Social Security ActC. Wagner Act of 1935 and the NLRBV. Backlash against the New DealA. Conservative BusinessmenB. RadicalsC. Others1. Townsend Clubs2. Huey Long and Father Charles Coughlina. Why??Outline of Current Lecture: I. World War II and the Economic Recovery- Isolationism: America tries to have nothing to do with Europe/HitlerA. GNPB. Good working conditions, wages, union membershipC. The New Deal and Mobilizationa. War Production Boardb. War Manpower Commissionc. Office of Price AdministrationII. African- Americans and War MobilizationA. 700,000 move north to get workB. Segregation and racism there, tooa. Detroit Race RiotC. Employment discriminationa. Philadelphia Transit Strike- 1944D. Some Progressa. The Federal Employment Practices CommitteeE. Black self-empowermentIII. Women and MobilizationA. “Pink color jobs”B. Industrial JobsC. Government supporta. Reflects traditional views of womenD. Gender Discrimination at the factoryE. “Latchkey Kids”F. Working ExperienceIV. Japanese-Americans and “Radical Hysteria”A. March 1942: “Relocation” beginsB. Civil Rights violationsC. Supreme Court Assentsa. Hirabatashi v. United States( 1943)b. Korematsu v. United States (1944)D. IronyCurrent Lecture: “Daddy’s gone to War”: The Home Front in WWIII. World War II and the Economic RecoveryA. GNP: Gross National ProductB. Good working conditions, wages, union membership- Famine  Feast- Income increases 68% during war- Overall, wages increase 27%- National Recovery Agency: Rolls over into war… wages are set high to keep factory workers motivated to put out a lot of product for war- ENDS DEPRESSION??C. The New Deal and Mobilization: - The New Deal changes governments relationship with people- WWII reinforces super powerful governmenta. War Production Board (WPB): basically like the NRA from the new deal militarized…. Regulates type and amount of industrial manufacturing during warb. War Manpower Commission: Government provides perimeters and guidelines so people can do the jobs they should do… regulates labors… balance between military people and civiliansc. Office of Price Administration: People who provide ration cards- After WWII, we have the cold war with Russia- You can be draftedII. African- Americans and War MobilizationA. 700,000 move north to get work: WWII provides an opportunity to escape segregation/discrimination- ChicagoB. Segregation and racism there, too: people tired of blacks taking overa. Detroit Race Riot: 1943, fight between group of white/blacks.. killed 23 blacks, 9 whites  martial lawC. Employment discrimination: You were not treated equally… given the worst job, paid less; employers can give every black person a different title to justify lower pay… White employees don’t like working next to blacksa. Philadelphia Transit Strike- 1944: All white workforce walked off job because of black workersb. Black men cannot fight in warc. The Nazi’s are white supremacists… it’s not a good idea to bring in blacks to fight xD D. Some Progressb. The Federal Employment Practices Committee: A. Phillip Randolph and Roosevelt makes it illegal to discriminate against race for war work jobsE. Black self-empowerment- A. Phillip Randolph: union leader for blacksIII. Women and Mobilization: Go into work force during WWIIA. “Pink color jobs”: women secretarial work (gender specific jobs)B. Industrial Jobs- 1/5 workers in factory will be women after WWII(especially African American women)C. Government support: "Rosie the Riveter”a. Reflects traditional views of women: you might make women turn into men by letting them work men’s jobsb. JOB IS TEMPORARY!D. Gender Discrimination at the factoryE. “Latchkey Kids”- Government began federal daycare during the war…- You have to work in a factory & have to leave them home alone- Or when you were off, you watched your friends kids… vice-versaF. Working Experience: moms have to leave jobs… disappointment because of loss of independenceIV. Japanese-Americans and “Radical Hysteria”A. March 1942: “Relocation” begins: Government initiated (Roosevelt)- You have a week to settle your affairs- HUGE financial loss for Japanese community on west coast B. Civil Rights violations: C. Supreme Court Assentsa. Hirabatashi v. United States( 1943)b. Korematsu v. United States (1944): He is a soldier, he says hell no he won’tgo… government makes himD. Irony: the glory of the 442nd regimented combat