HIST 2112 Lecture 22Outline of Last Lecture I. Conservatism: from the Political Fringe to the Halls of PowerII. Vox Clamantis in Deserto- Conservatism in the 1950sA. Similarities with the New Left III. Core Conservative Beliefs A. Caveat: there are many different kinds of conservatives B. Core conservative beliefsa. Mistrust of centralized “big government”b. Emphasis on individual rights, especially property rights and free enterprisec. Mistrust of “social engineering,” i.e. using government as a tool for social improvement d. Intense anticommunism/patriotism, support for large military1. “big military” in a “small government?”e. “Law and Order”f. “Traditional Values”1. Popular among religious conservatives- but not all conservatives are religious (see Ayn Rand)g. Hatred of “modern” conservatives, e.g. Eisenhower, Rockefeller IV. Conservative Intellectual Influences A. Friedrich von Hayek and The Road to Serfdom (1944)B. U. of Chicago economist Milton FreidmanC. Ayn Rand and Atlas Shrugged, The FountainheadD. Russell Kirk and The Conservative MindE. William F. Buckley and The National Reviewa. Young Americans for FreedomV. Barry GoldwaterA. Born Arizona, 1909B. Classic Conservative: Anti-New Deal, Intensely anti-communist/pro-military, deeply opposed to LBJ’s Great Societya. Not ReligiousC. 1964 Presidential Electiona. GOP moderates defeated at convention, Goldwater nominatedb. LBJ crushes Goldwaterc. Liberalism triumphant? For now, but…Outline of Current Lecture I. The 1970s: The hangover from the 1960s party?A. Disallusionment, cynicism, diminished expectation, and a new suspicion of government B. Death of the Liberal Consensusa. The Product of the “Perfect Storm” of historical events and conditionsII. Vietnam and the Reaction against “Rage”A. Political effects of the credibility gapB. WatergateC. Growing Disgust with Radicalism: Weathermen, Panthers, Etc.D. Conservatives: “See! This is what Liberalism has brought you…”III. The End of ProsperityA. Global Economic CompetitionB. “Guns and Butter”: Inflation from spending on Vietnam and the Great Society at the Same timeC. The Oil Crisis of 1973-1974a. Stagflation: inflation + stagnant growthb. The Misery IndexD. Conservative Responsea. Economic Problems = excessive government regulation1. Excessive taxation2. InefficiencyE. The appeal of conservative arguments to Democratic “hardhats”IV. Race: The southern strategy and BusingA. The Southern Strategya. Goldwater’s southern success in 1964b. GOP lesson: win over southern segregationists Democrats without alienating other republicans, and win national power1. Using broad, strategic language: “States rights,” “Getting government off your back,” “Cracking down on the lazy and the criminal,” etc.B. Busing and the Limits of the White Northern Liberal support for Civil RightsCurrent Lecture: The Bummer Decade- Existentialism and the Unraveling on Liberalism in the 1970sThe 1970’s: Hangover from the 1960’s party, disillusionment, cynicism, diminished expectation, and a new suspicion of government- Death of Liberal Consensus: the product of a perfect storm of historical event/conditionsLoss of Trust in Gov: people in America lose1. Vietnam: the reaction against “Rage”, loss of legitimacy of the government(gov lied to ppl about winning the war), New Left and conservatives had never trusted the government, now no one did, “Credibility Gap” and loss of trust 2. Watergate: Pres Richard Nixon (blunt and vulgar, had a list of enemies, revengeful) desired to get reelected, broke into Democratic Party national headquarters to spy on materials and got caught, Nixon’s name is given up and he’s caught (voice recorder in white house had recorded his conversations), impeached and removed by office  more loss of trust in gov 3. Conservatives Blame Liberalism: linked the revolutionary side of culture and society (radical activity) to liberalism, blames liberalism for the radical movements (hippies, Weathermen, Panthers, etc)End of Prosperity: issues of inflation (rising prices), liberalists support economic growth (with ideal that everyone will succeed in effect), when the economy collapses people question liberalistic views- “Guns and Butter”: idea that massive social spending and war spending cannot both exist at the same time, issue of inflation from spreading on Vietnam as well as the Great Society (Lyndon’s dream for American growth) at the same time - Oil Crisis of 1973-4: Israel goes to war and the US (supports them) becomes dependent on middle eastern oil, enemies of Israel cut off oil supply to US,  makes inflation worse, creates flag system of selling gas (green, yellow, red), continues to make liberals look bad- “Stagflation”: inflation + stagnant growth- “Misery Index”: ?? Conservative Response: economic problems = excessive government regulation, people revolt against taxation and regulation, inefficiency within the economy, the problem of “welfare handouts”, appeal of conservation arguments to Democratic “hardhats”, (belief that they are deserving of welfare but not blacks)Race: the Southern Strategy of Busing, liberals are turned against one another over racial issues, division of Northerners (supportive and progressive with race) vs. Southerners (close-minded views),- The “Southern Strategy”: strategy to integrate white segregationist southerners into the Republican Party (party of civil rights) along with those already there, used shared dislike of big government to mold the two, Nixon promised to make government weaker (get gov off the southerner’s backs)- “Strategic Language”: used to gain support, “get gov off your back”, “state’s rights”, “cracking down on the lazy and the criminal”, etc- Barry Goldwater: voted for by southern whites in hopes of less federalattempts of integration, (southerners were bitter about Lyndon Johnsonsigning off the civil rights, Barry Goldwater supported Southern views and was against New Deal/social programs and big gov  white southerners believe that government not bothering them refers to no more laws of non-segregation and equality among races)- Busing: attempt to de-segregation, kids on the buses would be sent to a different school in order to mix students, highly protested among white segregationists (many anti-bussing rallies, buses are even