HIST 2112 Lecture 5Outline of Last Lecture I. IntroductionII. “Industrialism”III. American Business Before 1870IV. A case study- Andrew CarnegieA. Born in ScotlandB. Future?C. A Fortuitous combination of Developmentsa. Technological developmentsb. The rise of railroadsc. New resources from the westd. Immigration and cheap labore. Corporate business techniquesD. Important Corporate business techniquesE. Other Helpful DevelopmentsV. The Gilded AgeA. “Robber Barons”B. Carnegie’s Social ConscienceVI. Lingering Question…Outline of Current LectureI. The “Great American Melting Pot”II. Four immigration “waves”A. British and AfricansB. Northwestern European and IrishC. Southeastern European, Irish, ChineseD. Latin-Americans and AsiansIII. Why immigrate to American? And Where?IV. City LifeA. Cultural supportB. EmploymentC. Prejudice from native-born AmericansV. Living ConditionsA. Bad StufB. Good Stufa. “Machine” politicsVI. Fears of immigrants among native-born AmericansA. Catholic/Jewish FaithB. Threat to natives’ jobsC. Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882D. “Radicalism” and Marxist/socialist politicsVII. Immigrants and Urban ReformA. Jacob Riis and How the Other Half LivesCurrent Lecture: Immigration and the Huddling Masses (READ pg. 517 to 525: Doc. 16.8 vs. 16.5!!)I. Is America a Melting Pot?- 28 Million people come to US- Easy?- Complete?II. Four Immigration “waves”A. 1600-1820: British and African American Slaves- Africans are forced to come as slavesB. 1820-1856: Northwestern Europeans and IrishC. 1880-1920: Southeastern Europeans, Irish, and Chinese***- The biggest wave: Come Mostly from Eastern/Southeastern Europe (ITALY, FORMER SOVIET UNION, GREECE, ETC.)- Most diferent: Religion and Origina. Heavily Catholic, Russian/Greek Orthodox, and Jewish.**Creates anxietyD. 1980-Present: Latin-Americans and AsiansIII. Why immigrate to American? And Where?A. Driven Out:- Chased out by government - Anti-Semitism in Europe- Religious persecution - Disease and FamineB. Pull factors:- Some come as families to live a happy life- Many are single men (15-40yrs old.) & they don’t intend to stay forever... just came to make easy money.- 1/3 of all immigrants (mostly Italians) went homeC. Where to go?- Most immigrants from Europe go to North-East- Most immigrants from Chinese: Oregon and CA- African Americans: ChicagoIV. City Life: 700% increase of people between 1850-1900D. Cultural support: most people look for people just like they are… I.e. Chinatown, churches, etc.E. Employment: immigration, cheap employeesF. Prejudice from native-born Americans: see most immigrants as threat and people who are going to steal their jobs V. Living ConditionsC. Bad Stuf: 1890ish-1910ish- Dirty & Smelly- Crouded… 18.4 people per 4 rooms- Falling Apart Tenements: cheap apartments run by slum lords - Violent!! IRISH GANGS & THUGS- Pay 5 cents a night to stay at a flop house if you are homelessD. Good Stuf: - Churches- Support systems & close community- FUN! : Scenery & can spend 5 cents to ride the train to Coney Island!!a. “Machine” politics: organized group of guys who found ways to profit from politics… You vote for me & I’ll help you… I’m one of you!VI. Fears of immigrants among native-born AmericansA. Catholic/Jewish Faith: Puritans are anti-Catholic… Catholics are not Christians?- Pope angling to take over America - Read Pg. 585B. Threat to natives’ jobs: lowering wages, people will take my job and work for littleC. Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882: Chinese no longer legally allowed to come to USD. “Radicalism” and Marxist/socialist politics: Socialism & Capitalism & Revolution… WE DON’T WANT THAT?!VII. Immigrants and Urban ReformA. Jacob Riis and How the Other Half Lives: Not everyone is an immigrant hater… Some people are actually concerned about the plight of immigrants and care about them… Do something to them like native Americans, to make them into “REAL