HIST 2112 Lecture 18 Outline of Last Lecture I The Fabulous Fifties A The Civil Rights Movement The Second Reconstruction II Why the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s A WWII B Cold War C Expectations in a consumer society III The Legal Approach early 1950s A The NAACP and Brown vs Board 1954 a Massive Resistance 1 George Wallace Lester Maddox School choice segregation academics etc 2 Civil Rights as communism B Little Rock High School Desegregated 1957 IV The Civil Disobedience Approach 1955 1965 A Major Inspiration murder of Emmett Till 1955 B Montgomery bus Boycott 1955 a Debut of MLK and the founding of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference C Sit Ins early 1960s D Nonviolence as official strategy a Birmingham Protests 1963 b Freedom Rides 1961 E Mississippi Freedom Summer 1964 V A Successful Legacy A Civil Rights Act of 1964 B Voting Rights Act of 1965 C Success on the ground but massive resistance goes on Outline of Current Lecture I The Early 1960s A Looking ahead B Two liberal icons II III IV Camelot The Kennedy Years 1960 1963 A Kennedy as myth legend martyr B Kennedy and Liberal Anticommunism a Berlin 1961 b Cuba 1960 1962 1 Late 1950s Cuba Goes Communist i Fidel Castro 2 CIA assassination attempts 3 The Bay of Pigs invasion 1961 4 Cuba Missile crisis October 1962 c Kennedy s Domestic Liberalism 1 Minimum Wage Bill 2 Social Security Increase 3 Housing Act of 1961 4 Education Funding 5 Tax Cuts The Lyndon Johnson Years 1964 1968 A Race a Punishing Democrats to embrace Civil Rights b Civil Rights Act of 1964 c Voting Rights Act of 1965 d Executive Order 11246 B The Great Society a A New Deal for the 1960s b Major Programs 1 Medicare Medicaid 2 The War on Poverty i Head Start ii Upward Bound iii Job Corps iv VISTA v Community Action Programs Mid 1960s Current Lecture Post War Liberalism s High Water Mark I The Early 1960s the golden years of postwar liberalism Liberalism the government can and should extend its power to create social and economic improvement II A Looking ahead to the end of Liberal Consensus B Two liberal icons President John F Kennedy and Lyndon B Johnson JFK LBJ LBJ is the most important Liberal s Liberal New FDR He wanted to be greater than FDR Camelot The Kennedy Years 1960 1963 A Kennedy as myth legend martyr Youngest to hold office Kennedy administration Camelot charmed mythical mystical place Made into a hero when he was assassinated some people really didn t like him but you forget that B Kennedy and Liberal Anticommunism During the Cold War Anticommunism Bipartisan is his agenda Anticommunism is very much a part of liberalism Marshall Plan classic example of this a Berlin 1961 o Berlin Wall going to separate communist Berlin with noncommunist Berlin o West Berlin Free side o East Berlin Soviet Side barbed wire snipers like a prison to keep people in o Stalin s Daughter defected and went to W Berlin b Cuba 1960 1962 1 Late 1950s Cuba Goes Communist o Cuban elite supported by US government sugar cane etc o Was like our colony until the 1930s under the Platt Amendment o 1959 revolution overthrowing the American friendly government with Fidel Castro and the current r gime o 90 miles from FL D i Fidel Castro 1976 2008 o If you were anti Castro you left fast o People from Cuba in Miami HATE Castro o We decide to kill him 2 CIA assassination attempts o Poison his cigar booby trap a shell at the bottom of the reef he snorkeled on spray acid over a radio station to make him go crazy on the air to put him people against him if you kidnapped him shaved his head beard he would be less manly o All of them fail 3 The Bay of Pigs invasion 1961 o Plan Recruit Anti Castro people train them in all unconventional warfare techniques and land them as troops in South West Cuba o People feel the same there will join us we will be greeted as liberators doesn t happen like that o They barely make it off the beach and are captured and Kennedy pulls air support for this invasion o Kennedy looks stupid o Castro becomes more involved with the Soviet Union to help Cuba from fraternizing with America o Soviet Union got to put missiles on Cuban soil as a deterrent for America they were super happy o Containment says you have to do something about this 4 Cuba Missile crisis October 1962 o More ships troops coming from Soviet Union to Cuba o Kennedy orders US Navy to blockade Cuba anyone who tries to break this blockade will be shot down o US weather plane goes off course and gets shot down by Cuban aircraft battery accidentally o Soviet Sub was underneath the US Blockade and a US destroyer thought they were being attacked dropped death charges missiles they miss Soviets take this as an attack Nobody apparently knows what is going on Two Soviets commanders say fire the missiles one said no something isn t right let s wait SO FREAKING CLOSE TO NUCLEAR WAR o Soviet ships stop and negotiations begin Soviet Union removes all troops and missiles from Cuba America removes missiles in Turkey and announce to the world and promise we will never invade Cuba c Kennedy s Domestic Liberalism 1 Minimum Wage Bill minimum wage rose to 1 25 hr Applied to 4 3 million people who didn t have it before 2 Social Security Increase Fails III IV 3 Housing Act of 1961 Success Gets 5billion for mass transit mortgages green space expansion of housing 4 Education Funding Fail 2 3billion increase for public schools shot down 5 Tax Cuts Successful The Lyndon Johnson Years 1964 1968 ICON from Texas Grew up poor and in an area of diversity FDR was his hero 1964 South Mostly solidly democrat A Race a Punishing Democrats to embrace Civil Rights o Civil Rights Movement during this time Uses his power to help secure the passage of the civil rights act b Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlaws segregation c Voting Rights Act of 1965 Makes sure the amendments were being enforced d Executive Order 11246 B The Great Society DOCUMENT o 1960s capitalism doing well o We still have really poor people it s 1965 it s a shame that our prosperity is not for all this is my mission To bring prosperity to all We have a good society we want a Great Society a A New Deal for the 1960s b Major Programs help the poor people makes prosperity available to all people 1 Medicare Medicaid 2 The War on Poverty educational i Head Start ii Upward Bound iii Job Corps took guys from the inner city and trained them in industrial jobs so they could go off and work one of the problems with this People from the left said this is a waste of time