HIST 2112 Exam 1 Study Guide Lectures 1 7 Key Terms Documents 14 1 18 10 Lecture 1 January 9 Punishing or Pampering the South Presidential and Radical Reconstruction Presidential Reconstruction The Gentle Approach Abraham Lincoln The Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction rewrote state constitutions outlawed slavery renounced secession and had 10 of voters sign a loyalty oath to the U S His view of reconstruction easy and lenient Andrew Johnson Because VP and then President because southerners from the mountains supported the union not rich plantation owners Kept gentle approach and added that rich southerners have to go to D C to pardon for citizenship Radical Reconstruction The Get Tough Approach Example Charles Sumner and Thaddeus Stevens Passed 13th 14th 15th amendments Freedman s Bureau dedicated to the well being of free slaves Tenure of Office Act White South Regains Power Black codes KKK Final Act The Compromise of 1877 Tilden vs Hayes backroom bargaining Hayes wins and whites get to do whatever they want with slaves Lecture 2 January 14 Emancipation and the African American Freedman s Experience Slavery Keystone of southern culture Poor whites are still better than slaves How to re create the slave system without slavery SHARECROPPING Advantages getting paid work without supervision Dis Advantages DEBT basically slaves again Free slaves want to find their families get an education establish churches and join in on politics Lecture 3 January 16 The Legacy of Conquest Settling the Wild West Why head west Inner mountains most ethnically diverse place Cheap land and The Homestead Act of 1862 where you can get 160 acres for 2 50 Business Opportunities corporate west with railroads cattle operations mercantilism Manifest Destiny it s your fate to go west NATIVE AMERICANS People kill them Sandcreek Fetterman Massacre Little Big Horn People try to make them Civilized reservations education GHOST DANCE is this a plot of rebellion Wounded Knee Massacre by Calvary Lecture 4 January 21 Industrialism and the Rise of Big Business Railroads make time zones Industrialism most important thing since reconstruction and most people hate it American Business before 1870 was mostly rural Andrew Carnegie everything was in the right place at the right time Integration of production monopolizations trusts price fixing Pro industrial government and laws Social Darwinism Carnegie s Social Conscience Lecture 5 January 23 Immigration and the Huddling Masses Are we a melting pot Four immigration waves a British and African American Slaves b NW Europeans and Irish c SE Europeans Irish Chinese d Latin Americans and Asians City Life 700 increase of population Good for cultural support and employment Americans are worried and become prejudice Living Conditions BAD Tenements and gangs Americans Fear Catholics Lack of Jobs Chinese and Radicalism JACOB RIIS Lecture 6 January 28 Industrialism and The Labor Movement Working Conditions Sanitation is bad hours are long work style is regimented TAYLORISM wages are low people become deskilled Unionization and Strikes National Labor Union Great Railroad Strike Army hires scabs to run railroads Knights of Labor 1st Big Union Eight Hour Movement Haymarket Square Riots End of Knights American Federation of Labor more Respectable United Mine Workers Ludlow massacre Industrial workers of America are radical Lecture 7 January 30 Silver Gold Populist Revolt against Industrialism America Agrarian Farmers Threats to Farmers Financial Trouble monopolies status anxiety UNIONIZE Patrons of Husbandry GRANGERS and National Farmers Alliance linked to Knights of Labor Populist Convention public ownership of railroads direct election of governors graduated income tax no protective tariffs for industry sub treasury system free coinage of silver Populist Party Democrats populist fuse together Doesn t work so good IMPORTANT KEY TERMS Chapter 14 1 Freedman s Bureau Federal agency that provides ex slaves with economic and legal resources 2 Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction outlined Lincoln s approach to reconstruction which readmitted the south to the union on lenient terms 3 Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery 4 Black Codes radical laws that were intended to reduce free African Americans to a condition as close to slavery as possible 5 Fourteenth Amendment gave citizenship to African Americans 6 Tenure of Office Act Laws passed to prevent Andrew Johnson from removing cabinet members without the senate approving Johnson was impeached but not convicted for violating this act 7 Fifteenth Amendment gave ALL men a right to vote 8 American Equal Rights Association group of black and whites who formed to promote gender and racial equality 9 National Women s Suffrage Association Group formed to promote women s voting rights 10 American Women s Suffrage Association Group formed to ratify the fifteenth amendment 11 Scalawags white southerners who support reconstruction 12 Carpetbaggers White northerners who moved to the south after the civil war 13 Sharecropping A system that emerged as the dominant mode of agricultural production in the south in the years after the civil war where sharecroppers received tools and supplied from landowners in exchange for a share of the harvest 14 Exodusters Blacks who migrated from the South to Kansas seeking land and a better way of life 15 Redeemers White conservative Democrats who challenged and overthrew republican rule in the south during reconstruction 16 Knight of the Ku Klux Klan used threats and violence to intimidate blacks and white republicans 17 Liberal Republicans Political group organized to challenge the reelection of President Grant who called for an end to federal efforts at reconstruction in the south 18 Joint Electoral Commission Commission formed to resolve the disputed presidential election of 1876 19 Compromise of 1877 Compromise between Republicans and Southern Democrats that resulted in the election of Rutherford B Hayes in exchange for an end to reconstruction Chapter 15 1 Transcontinental Railroad A railroad linking the East and West Coasts of North America 2 Battle of the Little Big Horn 1876 Battle in the Montana Territory in which Lieutenant Custer and his troops were massacred by Lakota Sioux 3 Dawes Act An act that ended federal recognition of tribal sovereignty and divided Indian land into 160 acre parcels to be distributed to Indian heads of household It dramatically reduced the amount of Indian controlled