HIST 2112 Lecture 15Outline of Last Lecture I. The Eagle vs. The BearII. The Rise of ContainmentA. 1945: What to do?B. The “Containment” Doctrinea. Foreign Affairsb. Greece, 1947i. “Truman Doctrine”c. “Monolithic Communism”i. Definitionii. RealityIII. Non-Violent ContainmentA. The Marshall PlanB. CIA covert SponsorshipIV. Potentially Violent ContainmentA. Berlin AirlifV. 1949-1950: China goes communistA. Who lost China?VI. Publication of NSC-68 (1950)VII. Containment gets Violent: Korean WarA. Chinese Invasion and StalemateOutline of Current Lecture I. Los Angeles: Late 1940sII. The Second Red Scare as OverreactionA. How bad were the Soviets? B. The Soviet Union and CommunismIII. The Second Red Scare as a reaction against the New Deal legacyA. Anticommunism and conservation critics of FDR and the New DealB. “New Dealers,” unions, academics, activists as popular targetsIV. Political Manifestations of the New DealA. The House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) 1945-1952B. The Alger Hiss spy case: 1948-1950C. The Rosenberg Case: 1950-1953D. “McCarthyism” 1950-1954a. Senator “Tailgunner Joe” McCarthy b. Searching for a “hot issue”c. The infamous McCarthy “lists” and the McCarthy hearingsd. The army-McCarthy hearings and the end of McCarthyism1. Key role of TVV. The Second Red Scare in Popular Culture A. HUAC and the “Hollywood Ten” a. The infamous black listB. The sanitizing of Film and TVa. No morally complex or ambiguous subjectsb. No conflictc. No criticism of “the American way of life”d. No “sympathetic” communist charactersC. The Scare and the “whitebread” mainstream middle-class culture of the 1950sCurrent Lecture: I. Los Angeles: Late 1940sII. The Second Red Scare as OverreactionA. How bad were the Soviets? How much of a threat were they?- Authoritarianism and repression is very common in the Soviet Union (Ex: Stalin)- Stalin doesn’t play…- Some people disappear because they disagree with this…B. The Soviet Union and Communism: “ a threat to the US, but not a threat in the US”- They are a little bent on world domination??- American Communist party in 1930s… had 30,000 members… hardcore members and people who join the party just because… ** Almost religious** Large on rhetoric… short on action… all talk, no walk! ** Have a lot of meetings… Aggressive in trying to recruit members** Pointing fingers at other communists saying their group was more communistsIII. The Second Red Scare as a reaction against the New Deal legacyA. Anticommunism and conservation critics of FDR and the New Deal- Anticommunists: bipartisan!- Most intense anticommunists are conservatives… threat to liberty for you- If you didn’t like the New Deal, or liberalism, what better way to go afer your enemies than blame them to be communists??B. “New Dealers,” unions, academics, activists as popular targetsIV. Political Manifestations of the New DealA. The House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) 1945-1952“Are you or have you been a member of the Communist party?”- Richard Nixon: HUGE ANTICOMMUNIST!!- New Dealers end up facing HUACB. The Alger Hiss spy case: 1948-1950- Slipping information to soviets through Witticker Chambers- WC finally came out and spilled the beans about Alger Hiss- WC had evidence… he used to be communists but finally saw the way- AH Convicted of Purgery - WC: Pumpkin PapersC. The Rosenberg Case: 1950-1953- Julius and Ethel Rosenberg… passed nuclear secrets to the sovietsD. “McCarthyism” 1950-1954a. Senator “Tailgunner Joe” McCarthy- ambitious, unethical - He wanted to be big, famous, and powerful- Super smart… Ran chicken farming business- Democrat and New Dealer… He does what is popular at the time- Goes off to WWII, Marine intelligence officer… Comes back and decides he wants to run for the Senate, uses communism as his agenda- anticommunist- Lied about his military service for some reason? Acted like he was wounded, he never really saw combat… falsified documents to get a medalb. Searching for a “hot issue”: communismc. The infamous McCarthy “lists” and the McCarthy hearings- Junior senator for WI… He stands up in WV and says he has a list of people in the state dept. who are communists- He sees anticommunism as a royal road to get what he wants… smoke and mirrors though! - He is like HUAC and calls people to talk about their communist actions- Moves on to bigger and bigger targets… secretary of state, Eisenhower, etc!- Roy Kohn: homosexual… does not want his partner overseas and McCarthy pulls strings to let his “friend” get stationed closer- People start to investigate McCarthy and his investigationsd. The army-McCarthy hearings and the end of McCarthyism1. Key role of TV- Senate majority leader helped make this McCarthy TV special happen… He is finally revealed to people about how much of a jerk he is… - Joseph Welch says “Have you no decency sir?” on national TV to McCarthy… Really a letdown… McCarthy is a broken man - Red Scare begins to pass… He is finally censored by congress, he becomes an alcoholic… three years later is dead (1957)V. The Second Red Scare in Popular Culture A. HUAC and the “Hollywood Ten” - Unions in Hollywood- Screenwriters who had communist sympathies called in front of HUAC and wouldn’t speak and were thrown in jail - Scares people in filma. The infamous black list: Red Channels- people in movies that are supposedly communists that nobody would hire anymore…B. The sanitizing of Film and TVa. No morally complex or ambiguous subjectsb. No conflictc. No criticism of “the American way of life”d. No “sympathetic” communist charactersC. The Scare and the “whitebread” mainstream middle-class culture of the 1950s- Do not marry communists- TV SHOWS: leave it to beaver… shows are lighthearted and dumb because you didn’t deal with subjects that were too complex because you would be charged with being anti-American,