HIST 2112 Lecture 9Outline of Last Lecture I. Beginnings of ProgressivismII. Progressive CharacteristicsIII. Four Major AgendasIV. Three Progressive StoriesOutline of Current Lecture I. America during the age of Imperialism- From Colony to ColonizerII. Europe’s Imperial Heyday- 19th CenturyIII. America- Traditionally anti-imperialist, but…IV. Why American Imperialism?A. ProfitB. Power and PrestigeC. Cultural Ideasa. Social Darwinismb. Race and Christianityc. Spreading Democracyd. MasculinityV. The Spanish-American War (1898)A. Two key eventsa. De Lome Letterb. The Maine explosionVI. Anti-imperialist FeelingsA. Teller amendmentB. Anti-imperial leagueC. Anti-imperials angered by Platt AmendmentD. PhilippinesVII. Philippines- America as the new SpainVIII. American Imperialism continuesCurrent Lecture: Catching the Spirit of Empire: American Imperialism at the Turn of the CenturyI. America during the age of Imperialism- From Colony to Colonizer- Imperialism: an unequal human and territorial relationship, usually in the form of an empire, based on ideas of superiority and practices of dominance, and involvingthe extension of authority and control of one state or people over another.- Point of American colonies was to make Britain richII. Europe’s Imperial Heyday- 19th Century- The entire continent of Africa was controlled by Europe except for Ethiopia and Liberia until 1950s.- Europe has colonies all over the world…- By this time, Spanish empire has shrunk a little!III. America- Traditionally anti-imperialist, but…- Most Americans were anti-imperialists because we were a colony, we believe in popular sovereignty…- We became isolationists- We do not get involved in other people’s problems, we’reonly an example! IV. Why American Imperialism?A. Profit- Internationalists “we need colonies like Britain” so we can make a lot of money & resources and sell to markets B. Power and Prestige- Imperialists emerge who believe in our economic power… We are a good, if not better than countries like Britain- Industrialism makes America the most powerful country on the planet.C. Cultural Ideasa. Social Darwinism: Only the fittest survive and prosper (AMERICA), the people at the bottom are only there because they deserve it.- William Graham Sumner’s argumentb. Race and Christianity: You can justify imperialism with Race?- White supremacy- Reformers… America taking over colonies / assimilation- Missionary workc. Spreading Democracy: we want to see people adopt our views, can it beforced on people?? d. Masculinity- Hoganson’s fighting for American Manhood: one of the consequences of industrialism was the crisis of manhood – the problem with industrialism with all of its wealth and abundance has made us weak! We have lost something along the way. What we need is a good war to toughen these men up.V. The Spanish-American War (1898): makes us an Imperial power- Spanish don’t really have much left, only Cuba and Philippines- We need to help these people because Spain is cruel & maybe we can gain colonies…A. Two key events a. De Lome Letter: sent from Cuba to Spain, but it is intercepted by Cuban Spy and it’s sent to US. Spanish officials are talking about America and say that America and their president is a coward- The American reaction was over-the-top… They’ve insulted our honor, we can’t stand for this, and some people call for war. A week later, this America ship The Maine blows up.b. The Maine explosion- Sent to show off for a purpose- It blows up, boiler explosion, accident only- One week after that letter makes it look like Spanish is attacking us- Teddy Roosevelt goes to kick some ass but our military sucksVI. Anti-imperialist FeelingsA. Teller amendment:- Says that: in the event that we go to war with Spain, the first thing we will do when we win is give Cuba & Philippines their independence.. It’s law. - Doesn’t happen- Decide that they’re not ready for independence yet, America gives them guidance but schooling … you’ll get indep. eventuallyB. Anti-imperial league: - Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie are examples of members- Some are racistsC. Anti-imperials angered by Platt Amendment: - Cuba is free but foreign policy is conducted by US, you’re our junior partner so to speak- If we feel like you aren’t making superior progress, we reserve the right to swap your govn’t out and replace it with someone more reliable.- This is BS.D. Philippines- bought for $20 million from Spanish… purifies the war we created?VII. Philippines- America as the new Spain- Philippine war because we won’t give them their independenceVIII. American Imperialism continues through the 20th century… Nicaragua, Guatemala, Vietnam, El Salvador,