HIST 2112 Outline of Last Lecture I Lecture 14 World War II and the Economic Recovery Isolationism America tries to have nothing to do with Europe Hitler A GNP B Good working conditions wages union membership C The New Deal and Mobilization a War Production Board b War Manpower Commission c Office of Price Administration II African Americans and War Mobilization A 700 000 move north to get work B Segregation and racism there too a Detroit Race Riot C Employment discrimination a Philadelphia Transit Strike 1944 D Some Progress a The Federal Employment Practices Committee E Black self empowerment III Women and Mobilization A Pink color jobs B Industrial Jobs C Government support a Reflects traditional views of women D Gender Discrimination at the factory E Latchkey Kids F Working Experience IV Japanese Americans and Radical Hysteria A March 1942 Relocation begins B Civil Rights violations C Supreme Court Assents a Hirabatashi v United States 1943 b Korematsu v United States 1944 D Irony Outline of Current Lecture Containing the Red Menace the Cold War Begins I The Eagle vs The Bear Lecture 14 II III IV V VI VII The Rise of Containment A 1945 What to do B The Containment Doctrine a Foreign Affairs b Greece 1947 i Truman Doctrine c Monolithic Communism i Definition ii Reality Non Violent Containment A The Marshall Plan B CIA covert Sponsorship Potentially Violent Containment A Berlin Airlif 1949 1950 China goes communist A Who lost China Publication of NSC 68 1950 Containment gets Violent Korean War A Chinese Invasion and Stalemate Current Lecture I The Eagle vs The Bear Anticommunism and the Cold War Summer 1945 End of WWII Germany surrenders in 1945 60 million people are dead from war Russia was one of our allies in WWII they aren t our friends First communist country Nazi s are gone Russia Soviet Union run by Joseph Stalin becomes our enemy right afer WWII COLD WAR Stalin is EVIL hard core dictator but makes some valid points Soviet Union Lost 20 million people What is Nazi s come back Russia needs to keep troops in some parts of Europe to make a buffer zone between us and other parts of Europe those governments need to be communists too so we can trust them Cold war shapes dominates our foreign policy for half a century Bipartisan Republicans and democrats are anti communists they argue over who is more anti communist Also in our culture films TV magazines everyone is anti communist II III The Rise of Containment A 1945 What to do about Soviets and Easter Europe George S Patton US military leader but lacked when it came to civilian leadership His opinion He basically said we defeated the Germans let s get WWIII on and knock out the Russians while we re going 1950s Second Red Scare We need to keep the Soviet Union from spreading contain Soviet Union B The Containment Doctrine a Articulated by George Kennan in Foreign Affairs 1946 state department policy analyst battle between Soviets and US is like a chess board MR X outlines that the Soviets are an authoritarian regime set on conquering we need to do long term containment of them we have to counter their moves Everywhere they pop up we have to pop up b Greece 1947 Nazi s take Greece over lots of bloodshed when the Nazi s are gone there is a power struggle between lef right communists and socialists v monarchists and militarists British are funding right side come to US and ask Truman to help out funding Greek opponents of Revolution i Truman Doctrine Makes Containment official US policy o We have to stop communism it s happening in Greece let s go there and stop it by replacing British military and side with anti communist parties o 1960s Fascism in Greece c Monolithic Communism i Definition all communists anywhere in the world under the control of the Soviet Union ii Reality not true lots of rivalries divisions etc o Karl Marx all of human history is boiled down to the rivalry between people who work and make wealth and the people who steal that wealth from them capitalists extract their wealth from them o The future Communist Utopia workers will unite when they realize what is going on and they will have a revolution overthrow this system and everyone will receive their fair share of this wealth o There really won t be a one world government but Soviets will try and also will give support to other communists Non Violent ECONOMIC Containment Contain all communists how IV V VI VII A The Marshall Plan 1947 significantly apply foreign aid 16 billion in aid to Western Europe to rebuild its economy a New Deal for Europe When people are poor and suffering people get angry they start asking whether the system is corrupt they suddenly become susceptible to revolution Karl Marx starts making sense and so does communism B CIA covert Sponsorship of music art films etc Use American culture to fight communism freedom Potentially Violent Containment considers war A Berlin Airlif 1948 o Berlin East Germany surrounded by communists o American aircraf flies in supplies and flies back three or four times a day for eight months o Russians could shoot plane down o Stare down Russians finally decided to end it it was a victory for us D 1949 1950 China goes communist 2nd country to become communists and the Soviets get the bomb o We had an atomic bomb but Russia also does now o Could lead to WWIII o How did they get the bomb Maybe some spies gave away our secrets Probably got the bomb 3 years earlier than they would ve without spies COLD WAR BECOMES SUPER SERIOUS A Who lost China o Chinese Nationalists are in a big civil war o The communists emerge victorious o Nationalist non communist Taiwan is where the rest goes o We think US has more power than anyone else but we don t o America has emerging paranoia is someone selling us out to China Communists in our state dept Publication of NSC 68 1950 For the president summary of Soviet military capacity and a bunch of suggestions of how containment should unfold aggressive document Adds militaristic edge to containment policy Containment gets Violent Korean War 1950 1953 A Chinese Invasion and Stalemate o 3 months afer NSC 68 hits Truman s desk N Korea invades S Korea and tells the soviets they re going in The Soviets help we have to do something according to containment we send troops in japan to Korea First troops get run over by Koreans N Koreans push S Korean troops and US Troops to corner Douglas McArthur is in charge of Korean operation Takes US Marines they attack N Koreans from back and we push