HIST 2112Outline of Last Lecture Lecture 14I. Lecture 14 World War II and the Economic Recovery- Isolationism: America tries to have nothing to do with Europe/HitlerA. GNPB. Good working conditions, wages, union membershipC. The New Deal and Mobilizationa. War Production Boardb. War Manpower Commissionc. Office of Price AdministrationII. African- Americans and War MobilizationA. 700,000 move north to get workB. Segregation and racism there, tooa. Detroit Race RiotC. Employment discriminationa. Philadelphia Transit Strike- 1944D. Some Progressa. The Federal Employment Practices CommitteeE. Black self-empowermentIII. Women and MobilizationA. “Pink color jobs”B. Industrial JobsC. Government supporta. Reflects traditional views of womenD. Gender Discrimination at the factoryE. “Latchkey Kids”F. Working ExperienceIV. Japanese-Americans and “Radical Hysteria”A. March 1942: “Relocation” beginsB. Civil Rights violationsC. Supreme Court Assentsa. Hirabatashi v. United States( 1943)b. Korematsu v. United States (1944)D. IronyOutline of Current Lecture: Containing the Red Menace- the Cold War BeginsI. The Eagle vs. The BearII. The Rise of ContainmentA. 1945: What to do?B. The “Containment” Doctrinea. Foreign Affairsb. Greece, 1947i. “Truman Doctrine”c. “Monolithic Communism”i. Definitionii. RealityIII. Non-Violent ContainmentA. The Marshall PlanB. CIA covert SponsorshipIV. Potentially Violent ContainmentA. Berlin AirlifV. 1949-1950: China goes communistA. Who lost China?VI. Publication of NSC-68 (1950)VII. Containment gets Violent: Korean WarA. Chinese Invasion and StalemateCurrent Lecture: I. The Eagle vs. The Bear: Anticommunism and the Cold War- Summer 1945- End of WWII, Germany surrenders in 1945 - 60 million people are dead from war - Russia was one of our allies in WWII, they aren’t our friends… First communist country- Nazi’s are gone, Russia (Soviet Union run by Joseph Stalin) becomes our enemy right afer WWII  COLD WAR- Stalin is EVIL: hard-core dictator, but makes some valid points- Soviet Union Lost 20 million people- What is Nazi’s come back?- Russia needs to keep troops in some parts of Europe to make a buffer zone between us and other parts of Europe… those governments need to be communists too so we can trust them- Cold war shapes/dominates our foreign policy for half a century: Bipartisan – Republicans and democrats are anti-communists… they argue over who is more anti-communist! - Also in our culture- films, TV, magazines: everyone is anti-communistII. The Rise of ContainmentA. 1945: What to do about Soviets and Easter Europe?- George S. Patton: US military leader but lacked when it came to civilian leadership- His opinion: He basically said we defeated the Germans, let’s get WWIII on and knock out the Russians while we’re going.- 1950s – Second Red Scare- We need to keep the Soviet Union from spreading (contain Soviet Union!!)B. The “Containment” Doctrinea. Articulated by George Kennan in Foreign Affairs, 1946: state department policy analyst… battle between Soviets and US is like a chess board… MR X… outlines that the Soviets are an authoritarian regime set on conquering- we need to do long term containment of them, we have to counter their moves... Everywhere they pop up, we have to pop upb. Greece, 1947: Nazi’s take Greece over, lots of bloodshed, when the Nazi’s are gone, there is a power struggle between (lef & right) communists andsocialists v. monarchists and militarists British are funding right side… come to US and ask Truman to help out funding Greek opponents of Revolutioni. “Truman Doctrine”: Makes Containment official US policyo We have to stop communism, it’s happening in Greece, let’sgo there and stop it by replacing British military and side with anti-communist partieso 1960s Fascism in Greece c. “Monolithic Communism”i. Definition: all communists anywhere in the world, under the control of the Soviet Unionii. Reality: not true, lots of rivalries, divisions, etc.o Karl Marx: all of human history is boiled down to the rivalrybetween people who work and make wealth and the people who steal that wealth from them- capitalists extracttheir wealth from them!o The future/Communist Utopia: workers will unite when they realize what is going on and they will have a revolution & overthrow this system and everyone will receive their fair share of this wealtho There really won’t be a one-world government but Soviets will try and also will give support to other communistsIII. Non-Violent- ECONOMIC Containment: Contain all communists, how?A. The Marshall Plan (1947): significantly apply foreign aid- $16 billion in aid to Western Europe to rebuild its economy- a “New Deal” for Europe- When people are poor and suffering, people get angry, they start asking whether the system is corrupt, they suddenly become susceptible to revolution… Karl Marx starts making sense and so does communismB. CIA covert Sponsorship of music, art, films, etc.: Use American culture to fight communism- freedomIV. Potentially Violent Containment- considers war?A. Berlin Airlif (1948)o Berlin: East Germany, surrounded by communistso American aircraf flies in supplies and flies back… three or four times a day for eight monthso Russians could shoot plane downo Stare down, Russians finally decided to end it… it was a victory for us :DV. 1949-1950: China goes communist (2nd country to become communists) and the Soviets get the bombo We had an atomic bomb, but Russia also does now.o Could lead to WWIII.o How did they get the bomb???- Maybe some spies gave away our secrets- Probably got the bomb 3 years earlier than they would’ve without spies- COLD WAR BECOMES SUPER SERIOUS.A. Who lost China?o Chinese-Nationalists are in a big civil waro The communists emerge victoriouso Nationalist- non-communist Taiwan is where the rest goeso We think US has more power than anyone else, but we don’t.o America has emerging paranoia, is someone selling us out to China Communists in our state dept.?VI. Publication of NSC-68 (1950): For the president, summary of Soviet military capacity and a bunch of suggestions of how containment should unfold… aggressive document- Adds militaristic edge to containment policyVII. Containment gets Violent: Korean War (1950-1953)A. Chinese Invasion and Stalemateo 3 months afer NSC-68 hits Truman’s desk… N. Korea invades S. Korea and tells the soviets