History Lecture 1 29 15 Bring prompt and readings 4 1 and 4 2 on canvas under modules Key Terms J P Morgan and Finance Labor Unions Pullman Strike Tenements William Boss Tweed The Gilded Age I The Rise of Big Business A Industrialization on a New Scale 1 1860 140 000 factories 1900 500 000 2 1860 1 9 Billion 1900 13 Billion 3 1860 500 000 Barrels of Oil 1900 45 Million 9000 increase 4 1860 13 000 Tons of Steel 1900 10 Million Tons 79 000 increase B Carnegie and Steel 1 Andrew Carnegie Scottish Immigrant a Poor before moving to the United States b Worked as a child in a textile mill as a bobbin boy c Needs education 1 Never able to go to school as family was poor and he worked in factories 2 Taught himself to read and write d Became middle manager at an iron company in Pennsylvania 1 Ran up the totem pole e 1873 Panic of 1873 Economy plummets 1 Iron factories go bankrupt and sell to Carnegie f Returns to Scotland and finds process to turn iron into steel quickly and efficiently 1 Bessemer Process g Turns iron factory into a steel factory 1 Steel is lighter and more durable than iron h Bought up every iron factory mine train and iron company in Pennsylvania 1 Law forbade owning companies in two other states i By the end of the 1800s Carnegie has a couple million dollars and owns the most profitable company on the planet C J P Morgan and Finance 1 Starts career as an average banker a Main job is to take rich people s money and turn it in to more 2 New Jersey 1886 Creates a Holding Company Law a Empty shell that holds other companies from other places around the country b Owns other companies 3 J P Morgan starts a holding company and advertises it to his rich consumers a Collects large sum of money 4 1901 J P Morgan tries to buy Carnegie Steel a Carnegie says 400 Million to purchase Carnegie Steel b Morgan has the money 5 Carnegie Steel is sold to Morgan and name changes to United States Steel a He buys the next 10 largest steel factories in the country b 200 smaller factories and corporations that build everything you need for steel production c Buys 3 000 miles of railroad to ship products back and forth d Buys largest iron deposit in the United States 1 Majority of Montana 6 1910 U S Steel is worth 1 Billion II The Rise of Labor A The Big Three Worries 1 Wages 2 Hours a No sick days and no say about the hours you work 3 Safety and Working Conditions B Labor Unions 1 Mid 1800s we see the first labor unions being formed 2 After the Civil War unions realize that they have more workers than owners a If they can get workers from across the state to unite they may be able to change something b The more workers you have on your side the more powerful your strike will c be If you get fired for trying to join a union you will not get hired by another factory 3 Knights of Labor a Formed in 1869 b 2 Million members nationwide 1 More workers they get the more disagreements occur c Breaks up in 1886 4 American Federation of Labor a Founded in 1886 grows until 1904 1905 b Ran into same problems as Knights of Labor c AFL gets no power until WWI C Pullman Strike 1 1893 in Pullman IL 2 Factory there owned by George Pullman 1 They represent workers who make stuff needed for the war effort a Makes luxury railroad cars b Economic Panic causes nobody to want luxury goods 3 Pullman cuts wages in half and workers go on strike 4 American Railway Union refuses to service any train with a Pullman car a Represents all the people who work in the railway business b Pullman cars are on basically every train 5 Shut down trains in 27 states 6 Workers tell Grover Cleveland that they will go back to work when they get their wages back a President decides that strike is a threat to the nation s mail 1 Postal service cannot provide making it a national issue b Sends Pinkerton Detectives National Guard and Chicago cops to go after the workers 7 Workers give in III The Urban Environment A Tenements 1 Cheap poorly built unsanitary living places for poor workers in the cities 2 No windows fire escapes bathrooms 3 Many who live in them get sick and die 4 Issue of tenements grows a Populations grow b Pay gets worse B Immigrants and Nativism 1 Between 1880 and 1900 8 9 million came into the U S a Majority coming from Europe b 2 million from Germany c 1 million from United Kingdom d e Russia has 600 000 f Austria Hungary has 2 million Italy has just under 1 million 2 1882 Congress passes Chinese exclusion act a If Chinese moved to U S they would take over 3 Immigrants looking to escape religious persecution war violence famine a America offers a Land of Opportunity 4 Not pushed out because they work for cheap 5 Nativism a Not new to this period of time developed before the Civil War b The only true Americans are those who were born in the United States c Want to do everything in their power to limit the rights and influences of Immigrants 6 Immigrants are bringing Catholicism a Nativists feared that Catholics would put their allegiance to the Pope over that of the United States IV Corruption in the Government A William Boss Tweed Hall 1 New Yorker who runs the largest political machine in the country called Tammany a Gathers votes in large quantities b Tammany was a political machine for the Democratic Party c Goal was to gather as many votes for the Democratic Party as possible 2 Goes out and gets votes in any way possible a Guns to the head and getting people drunk and standing behind them in the polls 3 Becomes 3rd largest Landowner in New York a Votes go out favors come in 4 1877 Convicted of fraud corruption and embezzlement a 25 45 Million stolen 5 Congressmen want money and bribes Key Terms The Progressives Seventeenth Amendment Keating Owen Child Labor Act 1916 Progressivism 1 1895 1915 I What s wrong with the U S A Middle Class Anxiety 1 Middle Class is management bankers doctors teachers a Those who make more than enough to survive b Kids can go to school 2 Worried about the poor people a Karl Marx tells poor to get rid of the rich b Poor come after middle class because middle class are easily accessible B Labor and Farmers 1 Laborers 2 Farmers C Progressives a Not successful in acheiving any of their goals a Still 1 profession in the U S b Need to transport goods via train railroads raise the prices c Mortgage properties to get money 1 …