History Lecture 3 26 15 Cold War and Hot Spots Key Terms Mao Zedong 38th Parallel Cuban Missile Crisis I China A Chinese Civil War Pre WWII 1 Less powerful now than it was because of a revolution in the early 1900s a Removed royal element that had been in use for thousands of years b China was struggling to decide what kind of government they would be a China was having on a off wars whether to be Democratic Capitalist or 2 Mid 1920s to Mid 1930s Communist 3 1934 a Communist Party of China was nearly wiped out because the Nationalists came after them and forced them on The Long March b 300 000 Communists in the beginning after the long march there were 4 to 5 thousand B Mao Zedong vs Chiang Kai shek 1 Mao Zedong Leader of Chinese communist party Led the long march and pushed for their survival a b c One of the big reasons Chinese had an interest in communism 2 Chiang Kai shek a b Leader of Democratic Capitalists DC If he gains control he would set up a system similar to France and England 1 Would ensure China would become a close trading partner with the United States Japan Invades Manchuria in 1937 3 4 a Zedong and Kai shek come together to ensure that Japan leaves In order for China to fight Japan they would need a Money Guns Troops Training b U S sees this as a good investment as US is also an enemy of Japan 1 Kai shek went in to hiding so our investments went to Zedong and his people on the front lines 2 Troops were shifted to China and Korea to fight Japan 5 Japan is defeated in 1945 a Civil War is focus point b Communists have our weapons and weapons that Soviets left 6 U S pours money into Kai shek s army a We want DC to win the civil war b Chinese people see DCs Nationalists as corrupt 1 They are looking out for themselves not China as a whole 2 Looks like Zedong is going to win the war 7 March 1947 Truman Doctrine a At this time Communism has reached from Manchuria to a large area of north eastern china b 1949 1 It is clear that communists are winning the war 2 People s Republic of China a Will not be recognized as this until the 1970s c Kai shek moves to Taiwan and claims it as Republic of China C Taiwan 1 Recognized by United Nations as China 2 Technically there is no spread of communism in China as China is now Taiwan II The Korea Problem A Partition and War of Korea 1 Korea was one of the First areas to be occupied by Japanese during WWII a Had been under Japanese control for 15 20 years when the war ended b When the war ends there are 2 sets of troops in Korea fighting off the Japanese 1 Troops sent by both USSR and US 2 What happens to Korea now a DC or Communist 2 United Nations 3 1950 a a Split it down the middle 38th Parallel b American side DC South Korea USSR side Communist North Korea c Koreans have to decide which country to live in Leader of North Korea decides to invade South Korea to make one country under communism b Sneak attack was so surprising that within a month all that was left of South Korea was Pusan in the Lower Eastern Part of Korea c We are concerned as communism is spreading again against the Truman d United Nation objects when one country invades the other most of the Doctrine time 1 Sends troops to South Korea to help fight against North Koreans 2 Troops are taken from the countries that are in the United Nations a 90 of the troops are from the United States 4 General Douglass MacArthur Leads troops near capital city of Seoul a b Surprise attack pushes North Koreans back c Within 2 months the UN army has pushed North Koreans almost to the border of China d Douglass decides that he wants to move into China gets fired 5 China sends troops to help out North Korea USSR does not a Chinese North Korean army pushes back to essentially the 38th parallel B 38th Parallel 1 Rest of Korean War 1950 1953 gets fought in the same spot where they were originally divided June 1953 Armistice is declared between North and South Korea 2 a There is no treaty for this war b War continues to be fought today 1 North Korea still wants all of Korea they refused to sign treaty 1 1906 Cuba was on its own but US had a lot of influence over it a American businesses had influence over who would become President 2 Batista 2 presidencies III The Cuban Question A Cuban Revolution a First time he was president he was kicked out b Second time he overtook the seat c Took bribes allowed the mafia to have free reign 1 Doesn t look like a guy to Capitalists a Not Democrats d Would torture communists in public to send a message e New Year s Day 1959 Batista runs away 1 Cubans are listening to Castro and drives him out 2 Runs to Portugal 3 Dies of heart attack days before his execution 3 Castro and Communism Leader of Cuban revolution a b Uncommunist Cubans run away to US 1 US take advantage of them as they have insider knowledge of Cuba 4 1960 Outgoing president Eisenhower gives JFK a plan given by CIA a We are going to take 2 000 Cuban refugees and train them in CIA tactics and send them back to Cuba to start a counter revolution to bring back DC B Bay of Pigs 1961 1 Opposite side of the Island as the capital city 2 Plan is to spread DC on route to Havana a Standard of living had increased in Cuba 1 Plantations had become for the people 2 Free health care 3 Free schools 3 1 100 2 000 Cubans get captured almost immediately a At least 100 are killed outright 4 Captured Cubans are tortured and interrogated a Say everything was all US s fault 5 Castro is mad a Publicizes America s Failure 1 US sent best trained agents and they failed b Calls Soviet Union 1 Helps Cuba in protecting them 2 USSR holds missile on Cuba and aims it at US C Cuban Missile Crisis 1 USSR began to send supplies to Cuba 2 US sets up blockade a For 13 days in October 1962 Nuclear chicken was happening between US USSR 3 Greece and Turkey a 1947 Turkey 1 Neighbor of USSR 2 US asks Turkey to aim a missile at USSR 4 US agrees to taking missiles out of Turkey if USSR takes missiles out of Cuba 5 Embargo between US and Cuba is set up Just recently is slowly being lifted a